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      Prevalencia de aneurismas de aorta abdominal en una población de riesgo en una consulta de cirugía vascular Translated title: Prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms in a risk population seen in a vascular surgery department

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal infrarrenal (AAA) y factores de riesgo en pacientes remitidos a consultas externas de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular para valoración de enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP). Material y métodos: entre febrero de 2012 y diciembre 2016 se realizó eco Doppler aortoilíaco a los pacientes mayores de 50 años remitidos para descartar arteriopatía de miembros inferiores. En todos los casos se realizó exploración física y recogida de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Diseño observacional, longitudinal. Análisis univariante y multivariante. Resultados: el estudio incluyó a 454 pacientes. De estos, se excluyeron 11 en los que no fue posible la medición del diámetro del aneurisma por obesidad/gas abdominal. El total de pacientes estudiados es de 443. La prevalencia en la población estudiada de aneurisma fue del 8,8% (n = 39). La media del diámetro de los aneurismas diagnosticados fue 4,1 cm (± 1,1). En los pacientes que presentaron ITB menor de 0,9 (EAP), la prevalencia fue del 11,2% () frente al 5,2% () en pacientes con ITB mayor de 0,9 (p < 0,05). Los pacientes con EAP presentaron un mayor porcentaje de hipertensión arterial y tabaquismo (p < 0,05). En el análisis univariante de los factores de riesgo asociados a presentar AAA (grupo 1) frente a no presentar AAA (grupo 2), que fueron estadísticamente significativos (p < 0,05), la diabetes mellitus (DM) apareció como factor protector (grupo 1: 28,2%; grupo 2: 71,8%), mientras que los pacientes con broncopatía crónica (EPOC) (grupo 1: 64,1%; grupo 2: 35,9%), EAP (grupo 1: 74,4%; grupo 2: 55,2%), tabaquismo (grupo 1: 100%; grupo 2: 82,2%) y los mayores de 65 años (grupo 1: 89,7%; grupo 2: 70%) presentaron mayor riesgo de AAA. En el análisis multivariante, EPOC (OR 4,7), edad > 65 años (OR 3,4) y el grupo de pacientes con EAP (OR 2,4) se mostraron como factores de riesgo, mientras que la DM se mostró como factor protector (OR 0,4). Conclusiones: en nuestra población, EPOC, EAP y edad > 65 años son factores de riesgo de AAA, mientras que la DM es un factor protector. El análisis de estos datos puede ayudar a definir la población de riesgo para la realización de estudios de despistaje en una consulta de cirugía vascular.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: to determine the prevalence of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and their risk factors in patients referred to the Angiology and Vascular Surgery outpatient clinic for the evaluation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Material and methods: a longitudinal observational study was carried out involving aortoiliac echodoppler exploration of the patients over 50 years of age referred to our center for the exclusion of arterial disease of the lower extremities between February 2012 and December 2016. A physical examination was made in all cases, with the compilation of cardiovascular risk factors. The data obtained were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Results: a total of 454 patients were initially included in the study. Of these, 11 were discarded because abdominal gas / obesity impeded measurement of the diameter of the aneurysm. The final sample thus consisted of 443 individuals. The prevalence of aneurysms was 8.8% (n = 39), with a mean diameter of 4.1 (± 1.1 cm). In the patients with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) < 0.9 (indicative of PAD), the prevalence was 11.2% (n = 29) versus 5.2% (n = 10) in those with ABI > 0.9 (p < 0.05). The patients with PAD presented a greater incidence of arterial hypertension and smoking (p < 0.05). In the univariate analysis, on contrasting the patients with factors significantly associated (p < 0.05) to a risk of AAA (group 1) versus those without such risk factors (group 2), diabetes mellitus (DM) was identified as 63 a protective factor (group 1: 28.2%; group 2: 71.8%), while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (group 1: 64.1%; group 2: 35.9%), PAD (group 1: 74.4%; group 2: 55.2%,), smoking (group 1: 100%, group 2: 82.2%) and age > 65 years (group 1: 89.7%; group 2: 70%) were associated to an increased risk of AAA. In the multivariate analysis, COPD (odds ratio [OR] 4.7), age > 65 years (OR 3.4) and PAD (OR 2.4) were identified as risk factors, while DM proved to be a protective factor (OR 0.4). Conclusions: in our population of patients COPD, PAD and age > 65 years were risk factors for AAA, while DM was identified as a protective factor. These findings may contribute to define the risk population with a view to conducting screening studies in a vascular surgery department.

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          Most cited references30

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          The Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines on the care of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

          Decision-making related to the care of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is complex. Aneurysms present with varying risks of rupture, and patient-specific factors influence anticipated life expectancy, operative risk, and need to intervene. Careful attention to the choice of operative strategy along with optimal treatment of medical comorbidities is critical to achieving excellent outcomes. Moreover, appropriate postoperative surveillance is necessary to minimize subsequent aneurysm-related death or morbidity.
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            2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.

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              The Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS) into the effect of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening on mortality in men: a randomised controlled trial.

              Opposing views have been published on the importance of ultrasound screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms. The Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study was designed to assess whether or not such screening is beneficial. A population-based sample of men (n=67800) aged 65-74 years was enrolled, and each individual randomly allocated to either receive an invitation for an abdominal ultrasound scan (invited group, n=33839) or not (control group, n=33961). Men in whom abdominal aortic aneurysms (> or =3 cm in diameter) were detected were followed-up with repeat ultrasound scans for a mean of 4.1 years. Surgery was considered on specific criteria (diameter > or =5.5 cm, expansion > or =1 cm per year, symptoms). Mortality data were obtained from the Office of National Statistics, and an intention-to-treat analysis was based on cause of death. Quality of life was assessed with four standardised scales. The primary outcome measure was mortality related to abdominal aortic aneurysm. 27147 of 33839 (80%) men in the invited group accepted the invitation to screening, and 1333 aneurysms were detected. There were 65 aneurysm-related deaths (absolute risk 0.19%) in the invited group, and 113 (0.33%) in the control group (risk reduction 42%, 95% CI 22-58; p=0.0002), with a 53% reduction (95% CI 30-64) in those who attended screening. 30-day mortality was 6% (24 of 414) after elective surgery for an aneurysm, and 37% (30 of 81) after emergency surgery. Our results provide reliable evidence of benefit from screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                angiologia
                Angiología
                Angiología
                Arán Ediciones S.L. (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0003-3170
                1695-2987
                June 2020
                : 72
                : 3
                : 118-125
                Affiliations
                [1] Guadalajara orgnameHospital Universitario de Guadalajara orgdiv1Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular Spain
                Article
                S0003-31702020000300002 S0003-3170(20)07200300002
                10.20960/angiologia.00076
                5bcff283-fbb6-44a1-b57d-45fe31c710b3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 July 2019
                : 04 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Smoking,Eco Doppler,Peripheral arterial disease,Enfermedad arterial periférica,Atherosclerosis,Abdominal aortic aneurysm,Prevalence,Echo Doppler,Prevalencia,Aterosclerosis,Tabaquismo,Aneurisma de aorta abdominal

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