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      COVID-19, a critical juncture in China’s wildlife protection?

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          Abstract

          The COVID-19 crisis has called into question the utilitarianism-oriented human-wildlife relations and the legitimacy of wildlife protection regime in China. The pandemic has triggered significant, swift, and encompassing changes in policies. Drawing on insights from historical institutionalism, we argue that COVID-19 constitutes a critical juncture in China’s wildlife protection policy.

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          A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

          Peng Zhou, Xing-Lou Yang, Xian-Guang Wang … (2020)
          Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18 years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats 1–4 . Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans 5–7 . Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor—angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)—as SARS-CoV.
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            The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism

            Giovanni Capoccia, R. Kelemen (2007)
            The causal logic behind many arguments in historical institutionalism emphasizes the enduring impact of choices made during critical junctures in history. These choices close off alternative options and lead to the establishment of institutions that generate self-reinforcing path-dependent processes. Despite the theoretical and practical importance of critical junctures, however, analyses of path dependence often devote little attention to them. The article reconstructs the concept of critical junctures, delimits its range of application, and provides methodological guidance for its use in historical institutional analyses. Contingency is the key characteristic of critical junctures, and counterfactual reasoning and narrative methods are necessary to analyze contingent factors and their impact. Finally, the authors address specific issues relevant to both cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of critical junctures.
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              The value of China’s ban on wildlife trade and consumption

              Lian Koh, Yuhan Li, Janice Lee (2021)
              Article 0 comments Cited 34 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jing Xu:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-6637
                xujing15@xjtu.edu.cn
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Hist Philos Life Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Hist Philos Life Sci
                Title: History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
                Publisher: Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                ISSN (Print): 0391-9714
                ISSN (Electronic): 1742-6316
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 March 2021
                Publication date (Print): 2021
                Volume: 43
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: 46
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.43169.39, ISNI 0000 0001 0599 1243, Department of Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Science, , Xi’an Jiaotong University, ; Xi’an, China
                [2 ]GRID grid.11135.37, ISNI 0000 0001 2256 9319, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, , Peking University, ; Beijing, China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-6637
                Article
                Publisher ID: 406
                DOI: 10.1007/s40656-021-00406-6
                PMC ID: 7993442
                PubMed ID: 33768363
                SO-VID: 5bf9edac-6698-462a-9531-cc4587b8eedd
                Copyright © © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 30 December 2020
                Date accepted : 16 March 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002412, Xi’an Jiaotong University;
                Award ID: No. SK2021021
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Notes & Comments
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

                Keywords: covid-19,china,wildlife protection
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, china, wildlife protection

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