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      Reconstrucción de extremidad inferior: epidemiología, manejo y seguimiento de pacientes en el Centro Médico Lic. Adolfo López Mateos, Toluca, México Translated title: Lower extremity reconstruction: epidemiology, management and outcomes of patients at the Medical Center Lic. Adolfo López Mateos, Toluca, México

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivo. Las lesiones de la extremidad inferior son una entidad frecuente y en ocasiones requieren tratamientos reconstructivos avanzados por zona afecta. Siempre se ha cuestionado sobre el mejor tiempo quirúrgico para reconstruir dichas lesiones. El objetivo de este estudio es aportar un mejor conocimiento sobre el tiempo recomendado para reconstrucción así como sobre la funcionalidad de la extremidad dependiendo de esa variable, análisis que extraemos del tratamiento y estudio de diversos casos tratados por los especialistas del Centro Médico Lic. Adolfo López Mateos en Toluca, México. Material y método. Estudio retrospectivo de casos abarcando distintas técnicas de análisis: observacional, estadística descriptiva para el análisis de datos y seguimiento de casos con lesión de pierna y pie con necesidad de manejo quirúrgico, revisando expedientes entre marzo de 2017 y febrero de 2020. Incluimos 29 expedientes en un estudio dividido en 4 grupos de reconstrucción: de 0 a 3 días; de 3 a 21 días; de 22 a 90 días; y más de 90 días. Resultados. El mecanismo de lesión más frecuente fue accidente por motocicleta y quemaduras en el 27.59% de los casos, seguido de atropello en el 17.24%. El tercio más afectado fue el inferior con un 37.93%. El tipo de colgajo más frecuentemente utilizado fue el sural reverso, con un 31.03%. Se reoperó el 13.70% de los pacientes y la principal complicación fue la necrosis total del colgajo en un 10.34%. Conclusiones. Encontramos el mayor número de complicaciones en el tercer grupo, en el que la reconstrucción se hizo entre los 22 y los 90 días, con mayor pérdida de los colgajos así como menor funcionalidad de la extremidad. De esto podemos deducir que el tiempo óptimo de reconstrucción de las lesiones de la extremidad inferior estaría dentro de los primeros 21 días. Así mismo, que es importante rehabilitar de forma oportuna para generar menores secuelas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and objective. Lower extremity injures are a frequent entity and sometimes required advanced reconstructive treatments for each affected area. There has always been a question about when would be the best surgical time to perform reconstructions of these injuries. For this reason, the main objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of the time of reconstruction of the lower limb as well as the functionality, from cases analyzed at the Medical Center Lic. Adolfo López Mateos in Toluca, México. Methods. Retrospective case study combining different methods: observational, descriptive statistics for data analysis and follow-up of cases with leg and foot injuries requiring surgical management, reviewing files between March 2017 and February 2020. We included 29 cases divided into 4 recons- truction groups: from 0 to 3 days; from 3 to 21 days; from 22 to 90 days; and more than 90 days. Results. The most frequent injury mechanism was motorcycle accident and burns in 27.59%, followed by run over in 17.24%. The most affected leg third was the lower one in 37.93%. The most frequently used type of flap was sural reverse in 31.03%. The 13.70% of the patients underwent reoperation and the main complication was total necrosis of the flap in 10.34%. Conclusions. The highest number of complications were found in the third group with a reconstruction time of 22 to 90 days. The greatest flap losses occurred in this group as well as less functionality of the limb. From this we can deduce that an optimal reconstruction time for lower extremity injuries is within the first 21 days. Likewise, we can conclude that it is important to carry out rehabilitation in a timely manner to generate fewer sequelae.

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          Most cited references19

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          Early microsurgical reconstruction of complex trauma of the extremities.

          M Godina (1986)
          Five hundred and thirty-two patients underwent microsurgical reconstruction following trauma to their extremities. They were divided into three groups for the purpose of review. Group 1 underwent free-flap transfer within 72 hours of the injury, group 2 between 72 hours and 3 months of the injury, and group 3 between 3 months and 12.6 years, with a mean of 3.4 years. The results were analyzed with respect to flap failure, infection, bone-healing time, length of hospital stay, and number of operative procedures. The flap failure rate was 0.75 percent in group 1, 12 percent in group 2, and 9.5 percent in group 3 (p less than 0.0005 early versus delayed; p less than 0.0025 early versus late). Postoperative infection occurred in 1.5 percent of group 1, 17.5 percent of group 2, and 6 percent of group 3. Bone-healing time was 6.8 months in group 1, 12.3 months in group 2, and 29 months in group 3. The average length of total hospital stay was 27 days for group 1, 130 days for group 2, and 256 days for group 3. The number of operations averaged 1.3 for group 1, 4.1 for group 2, and 7.8 for group 3.
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            Identification of independent risk factors for flap failure: A retrospective analysis of 1530 free flaps for breast, head and neck and extremity reconstruction

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              Risk Factors Leading to Free Flap Failure: Analysis From the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database.

              The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for free flap failure among various anatomically based free flap subgroups.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                June 2022
                : 48
                : 2
                : 171-180
                Affiliations
                [2] Toluca orgnameCentro Médico Lic. Adolfo López Mateos orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica México
                [3] Toluca orgnameCentro Médico Lic. Adolfo López Mateos orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica México
                [4] Toluca orgnameCentro Médico Lic. Adolfo López Mateos orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica México
                [5] Toluca orgnameCentro Médico Lic. Adolfo López Mateos orgdiv1Servicio de Investigación México
                [1] Estado de México orgnameHospital Traumatología y Ortopedia Lomas Verdes, Naucalpan de Juárez orgdiv1Médico Adscrito al Servicio de Cirugía Plástica México
                Article
                S0376-78922022000200171 S0376-7892(22)04800200171
                10.4321/s0376-78922022000200008
                5bfc5d83-1578-43f4-94b8-04e0fb64b135

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 May 2022
                : 11 April 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Reconstructiva

                Free flaps,Reconstrucción pierna y pie,Colgajos libres,Colgajos pediculados,Leg and foot reconstruction,Pedicled flap

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