Chromium Bioaccumulation and Its Impacts on Plants: An Overview

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Chromium (Cr) is an element naturally occurring in rocky soils and volcanic dust. It has been classified as a carcinogen agent according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Therefore, this metal needs an accurate understanding and thorough investigation in soil–plant systems. Due to its high solubility, Cr (VI) is regarded as a hazardous ion, which contaminates groundwater and can be transferred through the food chain. Cr also negatively impacts the growth of plants by impairing their essential metabolic processes. The toxic effects of Cr are correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative stress in plants. The current review summarizes the understanding of Cr toxicity in plants via discussing the possible mechanisms involved in its uptake, translocation and sub-cellular distribution, along with its interference with the other plant metabolic processes such as chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and plant defensive system.

Related collections

Most cited references 148

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review.

Aurelia Pisoschi, Aneta Pop (2015)

This Review Article is focused on the action of the reactive oxygenated species in inducing oxidative injury of the lipid membrane components, as well as on the ability of antioxidants (of different structures and sources, and following different mechanisms of action) in fighting against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is defined as an excessive production of reactive oxygenated species that cannot be counteracted by the action of antioxidants, but also as a perturbation of cell redox balance. Reactive oxygenated/nitrogenated species are represented by superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl, alkoxyl and lipid peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Oxidative stress determines structure modifications and function modulation in nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Oxidative degradation of lipids yields malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, but also isoprostanes, from unsaturated fatty acids. Protein damage may occur with thiol oxidation, carbonylation, side-chain oxidation, fragmentation, unfolding and misfolding, resulting activity loss. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine is an index of DNA damage. The involvement of the reactive oxygenated/nitrogenated species in disease occurrence is described. The unbalance between the oxidant species and the antioxidant defense system may trigger specific factors responsible for oxidative damage in the cell: over-expression of oncogene genes, generation of mutagen compounds, promotion of atherogenic activity, senile plaque occurrence or inflammation. This leads to cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases. The concept of antioxidant is defined, along with a discussion of the existent classification criteria: enzymatic and non-enzymatic, preventative or repair-systems, endogenous and exogenous, primary and secondary, hydrosoluble and liposoluble, natural or synthetic. Primary antioxidants are mainly chain breakers, able to scavenge radical species by hydrogen donation. Secondary antioxidants are singlet oxygen quenchers, peroxide decomposers, metal chelators, oxidative enzyme inhibitors or UV radiation absorbers. The specific mechanism of action of the most important representatives of each antioxidant class (endogenous and exogenous) in preventing or inhibiting particular factors leading to oxidative injury in the cell, is then reviewed. Mutual influences, including synergistic effects are presented and discussed. Prooxidative influences likely to occur, as for instance in the presence of transition metal ions, are also reminded.

0 comments Cited 592 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Glutathione in plants: an integrated overview.

Graham Noctor, Amna Mhamdi, Séjir Chaouch … (2012)

Plants cannot survive without glutathione (γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine) or γ-glutamylcysteine-containing homologues. The reasons why this small molecule is indispensable are not fully understood, but it can be inferred that glutathione has functions in plant development that cannot be performed by other thiols or antioxidants. The known functions of glutathione include roles in biosynthetic pathways, detoxification, antioxidant biochemistry and redox homeostasis. Glutathione can interact in multiple ways with proteins through thiol-disulphide exchange and related processes. Its strategic position between oxidants such as reactive oxygen species and cellular reductants makes the glutathione system perfectly configured for signalling functions. Recent years have witnessed considerable progress in understanding glutathione synthesis, degradation and transport, particularly in relation to cellular redox homeostasis and related signalling under optimal and stress conditions. Here we outline the key recent advances and discuss how alterations in glutathione status, such as those observed during stress, may participate in signal transduction cascades. The discussion highlights some of the issues surrounding the regulation of glutathione contents, the control of glutathione redox potential, and how the functions of glutathione and other thiols are integrated to fine-tune photorespiratory and respiratory metabolism and to modulate phytohormone signalling pathways through appropriate modification of sensitive protein cysteine residues. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

0 comments Cited 407 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

Response of Phenylpropanoid Pathway and the Role of Polyphenols in Plants under Abiotic Stress

Anket Sharma, Babar Shahzad, Abdul Rehman … (2019)

Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced under optimal and suboptimal conditions in plants and play key roles in developmental processes like cell division, hormonal regulation, photosynthetic activity, nutrient mineralization, and reproduction. Plants exhibit increased synthesis of polyphenols such as phenolic acids and flavonoids under abiotic stress conditions, which help the plant to cope with environmental constraints. Phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway is activated under abiotic stress conditions (drought, heavy metal, salinity, high/low temperature, and ultraviolet radiations) resulting in accumulation of various phenolic compounds which, among other roles, have the potential to scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. Deepening the research focuses on the phenolic responses to abiotic stress is of great interest for the scientific community. In the present article, we discuss the biochemical and molecular mechanisms related to the activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism and we describe phenolic-mediated stress tolerance in plants. An attempt has been made to provide updated and brand-new information about the response of phenolics under a challenging environment.

0 comments Cited 383 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Plants (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Plants (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): plants

Title: Plants

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2223-7747

Publication date (Electronic): 13 January 2020

Publication date Collection: January 2020

Volume: 9

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 100

Affiliations

[1 ]State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China

[2 ]School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India

[3 ]School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia

[4 ]State Higher Education Department, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India

[5 ]Mehr Chand Mahajan D.A.V. College for Women, Chandigarh 160036, India

[6 ]Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: anketsharma@ 123456gmail.com (A.S.); hwyuan@ 123456zafu.edu.cn (H.Y.); liangsie@ 123456zafu.edu.cn (D.Y.); Tel.: +86-571-63732738 (H.Y.); +86-571-63732761 (D.Y.)

[†]

Authors contributed equal.

Author information

Anket Sharma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-9045

Vinod Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-1026

Bingsong Zheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6185-5641

Article

Publisher ID: plants-09-00100

DOI: 10.3390/plants9010100

PMC ID: 7020214

PubMed ID: 31941115

SO-VID: 5c163119-63c4-4279-951f-7af7212cf2a7

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 29 October 2019

Date accepted : 09 January 2020

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Cited by 67

See all cited by

Most referenced authors 1,995

See all reference authors

- Version 1

Chromium Bioaccumulation and Its Impacts on Plants: An Overview

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Airbursts and Cratering Impacts

Most cited references 148

The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review.

Glutathione in plants: an integrated overview.

Response of Phenylpropanoid Pathway and the Role of Polyphenols in Plants under Abiotic Stress

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 430

Cited by 67

Most referenced authors 1,995