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      Brainstorm: A User-Friendly Application for MEG/EEG Analysis

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          Abstract

          Brainstorm is a collaborative open-source application dedicated to magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) data visualization and processing, with an emphasis on cortical source estimation techniques and their integration with anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The primary objective of the software is to connect MEG/EEG neuroscience investigators with both the best-established and cutting-edge methods through a simple and intuitive graphical user interface (GUI).

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          Most cited references62

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          Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing

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            Oscillatory gamma activity in humans and its role in object representation.

            We experience objects as whole, complete entities irrespective of whether they are perceived by our sensory systems or are recalled from memory. However, it is also known that many of the properties of objects are encoded and processed in different areas of the brain. How then, do coherent representations emerge? One theory suggests that rhythmic synchronization of neural discharges in the gamma band (around 40 Hz) may provide the necessary spatial and temporal links that bind together the processing in different brain areas to build a coherent percept. In this article we propose that this mechanism could also be used more generally for the construction of object representations that are driven by sensory input or internal, top-down processes. The review will focus on the literature on gamma oscillatory activities in humans and will describe the different types of gamma responses and how to analyze them. Converging evidence that suggests that one particular type of gamma activity (induced gamma activity) is observed during the construction of an object representation will be discussed.
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              OpenMEEG: opensource software for quasistatic bioelectromagnetics

              Background Interpreting and controlling bioelectromagnetic phenomena require realistic physiological models and accurate numerical solvers. A semi-realistic model often used in practise is the piecewise constant conductivity model, for which only the interfaces have to be meshed. This simplified model makes it possible to use Boundary Element Methods. Unfortunately, most Boundary Element solutions are confronted with accuracy issues when the conductivity ratio between neighboring tissues is high, as for instance the scalp/skull conductivity ratio in electro-encephalography. To overcome this difficulty, we proposed a new method called the symmetric BEM, which is implemented in the OpenMEEG software. The aim of this paper is to present OpenMEEG, both from the theoretical and the practical point of view, and to compare its performances with other competing software packages. Methods We have run a benchmark study in the field of electro- and magneto-encephalography, in order to compare the accuracy of OpenMEEG with other freely distributed forward solvers. We considered spherical models, for which analytical solutions exist, and we designed randomized meshes to assess the variability of the accuracy. Two measures were used to characterize the accuracy. the Relative Difference Measure and the Magnitude ratio. The comparisons were run, either with a constant number of mesh nodes, or a constant number of unknowns across methods. Computing times were also compared. Results We observed more pronounced differences in accuracy in electroencephalography than in magnetoencephalography. The methods could be classified in three categories: the linear collocation methods, that run very fast but with low accuracy, the linear collocation methods with isolated skull approach for which the accuracy is improved, and OpenMEEG that clearly outperforms the others. As far as speed is concerned, OpenMEEG is on par with the other methods for a constant number of unknowns, and is hence faster for a prescribed accuracy level. Conclusions This study clearly shows that OpenMEEG represents the state of the art for forward computations. Moreover, our software development strategies have made it handy to use and to integrate with other packages. The bioelectromagnetic research community should therefore be able to benefit from OpenMEEG with a limited development effort.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Comput Intell Neurosci
                CIN
                Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                1687-5265
                1687-5273
                2011
                13 April 2011
                : 2011
                : 879716
                Affiliations
                1Signal & Image Processing Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
                2MEG Program, Departments of Neurology & Biophysics, Froedtert & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
                3Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
                4MEG Lab, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
                Author notes
                *François Tadel: tadel@ 123456usc.edu

                Academic Editor: Robert Oostenveld

                Article
                10.1155/2011/879716
                3090754
                21584256
                5c24b7b6-bbbe-4749-856d-bdb5c9db6acc
                Copyright © 2011 François Tadel et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 4 October 2010
                : 28 January 2011
                Categories
                Research Article

                Neurosciences
                Neurosciences

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