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      Pest categorisation of non‐EU Pissodes spp.

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          Abstract

          The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the non‐ EU Pissodes spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). They constitute a well‐defined taxon, with non‐ EU species distributed in the USA, Canada, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, China, Japan, Korea, Russia and South Africa, some of which are recognised as severe pests of conifers, mainly Pinus spp. and Picea spp., or vector pathogens. The immature stages either live in the phloem and cambium of healthy, weakened or dead trees, or in the terminal shoots of living trees. They are listed as quarantine pests in Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/ EC. Plants for planting, branches of conifers and non‐squared wood are considered as pathways. The pest can also disperse by hitchhiking, and fly over kilometres. The adults are long‐lived (up to 4 years). They feed by puncturing the bark of stems or shoots. Females lay eggs in chewed‐out cavities in the bark. The life cycle varies with species and local climatic conditions. At the end of the larval stage, the larva excavates a pupal cell between the sapwood and the bark, in the sapwood or in terminal shoots. Pissodes spp. overwinter as adults in the litter or as larvae or teneral adults in the galleries or pupal cells. The current geographic range of the non‐European Pissodes spp. suggests that many of them may establish in the EU territory, where their hosts are widely present. We list some species which, if introduced to the EU, would most probably have an economic impact on plantations or may interfere with forest ecosystem processes although they are mainly abundant and damaging in intensively managed monocultures. All criteria for considering those non‐ EU Pissodes spp. as potential quarantine pests are met. The criteria for considering them as non‐regulated quarantine pests are not met because they are absent from the EU territory.

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          Most cited references33

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          Emerald Ash Borer Invasion of North America: History, Biology, Ecology, Impacts, and Management

          Since its accidental introduction from Asia, emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has killed millions of ash trees in North America. As it continues to spread, it could functionally extirpate ash with devastating economic and ecological impacts. Little was known about EAB when it was first discovered in North America in 2002, but substantial advances in understanding of EAB biology, ecology, and management have occurred since. Ash species indigenous to China are generally resistant to EAB and may eventually provide resistance genes for introgression into North American species. EAB is characterized by stratified dispersal resulting from natural and human-assisted spread, and substantial effort has been devoted to the development of survey methods. Early eradication efforts were abandoned largely because of the difficulty of detecting and delineating infestations. Current management is focused on biological control, insecticide protection of high-value trees, and integrated efforts to slow ash mortality.
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            Allee Dynamics and the Spread of Invading Organisms

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              Guidance on a harmonised framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options by EFSA

              (2010)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                EFSA J
                EFSA J
                10.1002/(ISSN)1831-4732
                EFS2
                EFSA Journal
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1831-4732
                21 June 2018
                June 2018
                : 16
                : 6 ( doiID: 10.1002/efs2.2018.16.issue-6 )
                : e05300
                Author notes
                [*] Correspondence: alpha@ 123456efsa.europa.eu
                Article
                EFS25300
                10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5300
                7009539
                32625937
                5c26571d-1547-4a08-97eb-a85e9e55c06c
                © 2018 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 5, Pages: 29, Words: 13333
                Categories
                Scientific Opinion
                Scientific Opinion
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                June 2018
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.7.5 mode:remove_FC converted:21.01.2020

                pine weevils,curculionidae,european union,pest risk,plant health,plant pest,quarantine

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