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      Inicio de vida sexual, uso de anticonceptivos y planificación familiar en mujeres adolescentes y adultas en México Translated title: Use of contraception and family planning in adolescent and adult women in Mexico

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          Abstract

          Objetivo. Ofrecer evidencia actualizada sobre inicio de vida sexual y uso de anticonceptivos en mujeres adolescentes y adultas en México por grupos de edad, lugar de residencia y estado civil. Material y métodos. Se analizaron datos de las ENSANUT 2006 y 2012, sobre conocimientos y uso de anticoncepción. Resultados. En 2012, 31.2% de las adolescentes (15-19 años) había iniciado vida sexual; el uso del condón aumentó de 31.8 a 47.8% entre 2006 y 2012. El 47.9% de 30 a 34 años y 53.2% de 35 a 49 años reportaron no haber usado anticonceptivo en su última relación sexual. En las áreas rurales se reporta menor uso de anticonceptivos en la última relación sexual. Un alto porcentaje no optó por anticonceptivo postevento obstétrico: 52% (15-19 años), 44.2% (20-29 años), 42.5% (30-34 años) y 39% (≥35 años). Conclusiones. Se requieren políticas equitativas que promuevan el uso de anticonceptivos, particularmente en el periodo postevento obstétrico.

          Translated abstract

          Objective. To offer current evidence about age at sexual initiation and contraceptive use among adolescent and adult women of different age groups, places of residence, and marital status in Mexico. Materials and methods. Data were analyzed from ENSANUT 2006 and 2012 surveys on knowledge and use of contraceptives. Results. In 2012 31.2% of 15-19 year old adolescent women had undergone sexual debut. Condom use increased from 31.8% in 2006 to 47.8% in 2012. Women in rural areas reported lower levels of contraceptive use at last sexual intercourse; 47.9% of 30-34 year-old and 53.2% of 35-49 year-old women reported not using any contraception at last sexual intercourse. A high percentage of women did not adopt contraception after the most recent obstetric event: 52% (15-19 years), 44.2% (20-29 years), 42.5% (30-34 years) and 39% (≥35 years)]. Conclusions. Equitable policies to promote contraception, particularly after a post-obstetric event, are needed.

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          Family planning: the unfinished agenda.

          Promotion of family planning in countries with high birth rates has the potential to reduce poverty and hunger and avert 32% of all maternal deaths and nearly 10% of childhood deaths. It would also contribute substantially to women's empowerment, achievement of universal primary schooling, and long-term environmental sustainability. In the past 40 years, family-planning programmes have played a major part in raising the prevalence of contraceptive practice from less than 10% to 60% and reducing fertility in developing countries from six to about three births per woman. However, in half the 75 larger low-income and lower-middle income countries (mainly in Africa), contraceptive practice remains low and fertility, population growth, and unmet need for family planning are high. The cross-cutting contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals makes greater investment in family planning in these countries compelling. Despite the size of this unfinished agenda, international funding and promotion of family planning has waned in the past decade. A revitalisation of the agenda is urgently needed. Historically, the USA has taken the lead but other governments or agencies are now needed as champions. Based on the sizeable experience of past decades, the key features of effective programmes are clearly established. Most governments of poor countries already have appropriate population and family-planning policies but are receiving too little international encouragement and funding to implement them with vigour. What is currently missing is political willingness to incorporate family planning into the development arena.
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            Diferencias regionales en la mortalidad por cáncer de mama y cérvix en México entre 1979 y 2006

            OBJETIVO: Explorar las diferencias regionales en la mortalidad por cáncer de mama (CaMa) y cervical (CaCu) en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se calcularon tendencias de mortalidad por CaMa y CaCu mediante modelos probabilísticos ajustados por estado, grado de marginación y lugar de residencia (urbano/rural). RESULTADOS: La tendencia de mortalidad por CaMa ha sido ascendente, de una tasa estandarizada de 5.6 muertes por cada 100 000 mujeres en 1979 a 10.1 en 2006. La mortalidad por CaCu alcanzó un pico en 1989 y a partir de esa fecha se redujo a 9.9 en 2006. Las tasas más altas de mortalidad por CaMa se encuentran en la capital (13.2) y la región norte (11.8), mientras en el sur se registra la mortalidad por CaCu más alta (11.9). DISCUSIÓN: El número de muertes por CaMa aumenta de forma gradual a lo largo del tiempo a nivel nacional y persisten elevadas tasas de mortalidad por CaCu en áreas marginadas.
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              Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012.Resultados Nacionales

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                spm
                Salud Pública de México
                Salud pública Méx
                Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico )
                0036-3634
                2013
                : 55
                : suppl 2
                : S235-S240
                Affiliations
                [01] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud pública orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional orgdiv2Dirección de Salud Reproductiva México
                [02] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas orgdiv2Dirección de Análisis de Encuestas México
                [03] orgnameIpas México México
                Article
                S0036-36342013000800021 S0036-3634(13)05500000021
                10.21149/spm.v55s2.5120
                5c4f0da2-100f-473f-b339-faef02feca8d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 November 2012
                : 21 January 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos originales

                family planning,Mexico,health surveys,women,contraception,México,encuesta de salud,mujeres,anticonceptivos,planificación familiar

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