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      Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a Mexican prison Translated title: Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en un complejo penitenciario mexicano

      research-article
      1 , 2
      Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
      Sociedad Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
      Overweight, obesity, epidemiology, prevalence, Sobrepeso, obesidad, epidemiologia, prevalencia

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          ABSTRACT

          Objectives

          Overweight and obesity constitute a public health problem; There are few prevalence studies of inmates. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongst inmates of the Islas Marias Prison Complex and to evaluate the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as diagnostic measurements for abdominal obesity in this population.

          Material and method

          Analytical, retrospective cross-sectional study at Rural Hospital No. 20 Islas Marias Nayarit, Mexico, with 426 cases from January 2016 to March 2017, who were male inmates from 18 to 73 years of age. The following ratios were calculated: BMI, WHR WHtR. A descriptive analysis was carried out for quantitative variables, frequencies and percentages by group, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Youden index, positive and negative likelihood ratios of WHR and WHtR; ANOVA F test, Student’s t-test, ROC curve, STROBE statement, SPSS v. 22.

          Results

          51.41% cases presented as overweight, 25.35% were obese, the cut-off point was 0.935 for WHR (s = 0.833; e = 0.717) and 0.545 for WHtR ICA (s = 0.981; e = 0.818). WHtR showed a good performance according to the Youden index.

          Discussion

          There was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in prisoners at the Islas Marias Prison Complex, WHtR showed better performance than WHR for diagnosing abdominal obesity. It is suggested that measurement of WHI should be included in daily medical practice.

          RESUMEN

          Objetivos

          El sobrepeso y la obesidad constituyen un problema de salud publica; existen pocos estudios de prevalencia en personas reclusas. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en personas reclusas del Complejo Penitenciario Islas Marías (México) y evaluar el índice cintura cadera (ICC) y el índice cintura altura (ICA) como medidas de diagnostico para la obesidad abdominal en dicha población.

          Material y método

          Estudio transversal analítico, retrospectivo en el Hospital Rural No. 20 de las Islas Marías Nayarit, México, con 426 expedientes, desde enero de 2016 hasta marzo de 2017, de sexo masculino, con edades de 18 a 73 anos. Se calculo: el índice de masa corporal (IMC), el ICC y el ICA. Se realizo un análisis descriptivo para variables cuantitativas, frecuencias y porcentajes por grupo, sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP), valor predictivo negativo (VPN), índice de Youden, razón de verosimilitud positiva y negativa del ICC y del ICA; la prueba F de ANOVA, el test t de estudiante (t de Student), la curva de la característica operativa del receptor (ROC), la declaración STROBE ( Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology) y el programa estadistico SPSS v. 22.

          Resultados

          El 51,41% presento sobrepeso y el 25,35% obesidad, el punto de corte fue 0,935 para el ICC (sensibilidad [s] = 0,833; especificidad [e] = 0,717) y 0,545 para el ICA (s = 0,981; e = 0,818). El ICA presento un buen rendimiento según el índice de Youden.

          Discusión

          Existió una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en los reclusos del Complejo Penitenciario Islas Marías, el ICA mostro mejor rendimiento que el ICC para el diagnostico de obesidad abdominal. Se sugiere integrar la medición del ICA en la practica medica diaria.

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          Most cited references19

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          Optimal cut-off values for obesity: using simple anthropometric indices to predict cardiovascular risk factors in Taiwan.

          The increased health risks associated with obesity have been found to occur in Asians at lower body mass indices (BMIs). To determine the optimal cut-off values for overweight or obesity in Taiwan, we examined the relationships between four anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors. The data were collected from four health-screening centers from 1998 to 2000 in Taiwan. Included were 55 563 subjects (26 359 men and 29 204 women, mean age=37.3+/-10.9 and 37.0+/-11.1 y, respectively). None had known major systemic diseases or were taking medication. Individual body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and a series of tests related to cardiovascular risk (blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were assessed and their relationships were examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to find out the optimal cut-off values of various anthropometric indices to predict hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Of the four anthropometric indices we studied, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in women was found to have the largest areas under the ROC curve (women=0.755, 95% CI 0.748-0.763) relative to at least one risk factor (ie hypertension or diabetes or dyslipidemia). The optimal cut-off values for overweight or obesity from our study in men and women showed that BMIs of 23.6 and 22.1 kg/m(2), WCs of 80.5 and 71.5 cm, waist-to-hip ratios (WHpR) of 0.85 and 0.76, and WHtR of 0.48 and 0.45, respectively, may be more appropriate in Taiwan. WHtR may be a better indicator for screening overweight- or obesity-related CVD risk factors than the other three indexes (BMI, WC and WHpR) in Taiwan. Our study also supported the hypothesis that the cut-off values using BMI and WC to define obesity should be much lower in Taiwan than in Western countries.
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            Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in prison populations worldwide: a systematic review.

            The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is disproportionately carried by low-income and middle-income countries and disadvantaged sectors of society such as prisoners. No systematic analysis has been done to assess the prevalence of poor diet, inadequate physical activity, and overweight and obesity in prisoners. We aim to synthesise current evidence and to highlight areas for action and further research.
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              Waist-to-height ratio, an optimal predictor for obesity and metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults.

              Anthropometric indices to obesity were evaluated as predictors of metabolic syndrome risk factors. Our purpose was to explore an optimal or more reliable anthropometric indicator and optimal cut-off points for obesity on metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults. The survey was conducted involving 2947 participants, aged 20 or above with cross-sectional study of population. The predictive validity and optimal cut-off values were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under curve (AUC) and the largest Youden's index (sensitivity + specificity - 1) by gender group, respectively. Kappa value showed diagnostic consistency. According to the criteria of CDS 2004, IDF 2005 and AHA/NHLBI 2005, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 10.32%, 9.64% and 16.12% respectively, which indicated that the prevalence was higher in men than in women and increased with age (P < 0.05). The BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR in metabolic syndrome patients were greater than those in healthy volunteers and the indices in men were higher than those in women. With adjusted age and gender, the partial correlation coefficient for BMI-WC, BMI-WHR and BMI-WHtR was 0.7991, 0.5278 and 0.8196, respectively (P < 0.05). The area under curves (AUCs) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for WHtR was larger (P < 0.05) than that for WC and WHR. The cut-point of WHtR was approximately 0.5 in both genders with a satisfactory balance between sensitivity and specificity, where the Kappa (k) value for WHtR-BMI was higher than that for WHtR-WHR, and WHtR-WC. The results indicated that WHtR might be an optimal anthropometric predictor of metabolic syndrome risk factors and the cut-point of WHtR was approximately 0.50 in both genders of Chinese adults.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Sanid Penit
                Rev Esp Sanid Penit
                sanipe
                Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
                Sociedad Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
                1575-0620
                2013-6463
                May-Aug 2020
                10 July 2020
                : 22
                : 2
                : 58-65
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalMexican Social Security Institute. Family Medicine Unit No. 186. State of Mexico, Mexico. orgnameMexican Social Security Institute orgdiv1Family Medicine Unit No. 186 State of Mexico, Mexico
                [2 ] originalRural Hospital of the Mexican Social Security Institute. Islas Maria Madre. Mexico. orgnameRural Hospital of the Mexican Social Security Institute Islas Maria Madre, Mexico
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Alejandra Janeth Argüello-González, IMSS Unidad Medicina Familiar 186. Av. Somex. Los Reyes Ixtacala. 54099 Tlalnepantla de Baz, Méx., México. E-mail: hojuela1833@ 123456hotmail.com .
                Article
                10.18176/resp.00011
                7537363
                32697275
                5c56b8cc-264d-46a3-9eb9-aeb2d0161ea7

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 15 August 2018
                : 04 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 08
                Categories
                Original Articles

                overweight,obesity,epidemiology,prevalence,sobrepeso,obesidad,epidemiologia,prevalencia

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