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      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found

      Role of Retinal Detachment Subretinal Fluid on Extracellular Matrix Metabolism

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Purpose: To examine the in vitro effects of subretinal fluid (SRF) from patients with retinal detachment on extracellular matrix turnover. Methods: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was explored by radiolabeled substrate degradation and zymography. Human lung fibroblasts were used to analyze SRF effects on collagen synthesis and cell proliferation. Transforming growth factor-β<sub>2</sub> (TGF-β<sub>2</sub>) concentration was determined in SRF samples by a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Results: MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity was observed in all SRF samples. Collagenase activity was not detected in SRF from patients with holes and recurrent retinal detachment. All SRF samples stimulated fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis but SRF samples from recurrent retinal detachment patients with previous retinal tears had the largest effect with the largest TGF-β<sub>2</sub> concentration. Conclusions: The gelatinolytic activity found in all SRF samples might be associated with the retinal detachment process. Low collagenase activity with an increase in collagen synthesis could indicate a risk factor to the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

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          Pulmonary fibrosis: cytokines in the balance.

          Timothy Coker, J. G. Cedeño-Laurent (1998)
          Pulmonary fibrosis can complicate diverse pulmonary and systemic pathologies. In many cases the underlying cause remains unidentified. Mortality from the disease is increasing steadily in the UK and USA. The clinical features are well-described, but patients frequently present at an advanced stage, and current treatments have not improved the poor prognosis. There is a compelling need to identify the fibrotic process earlier and to develop new therapeutic agents. Increased collagen deposition is central to the pathology and interest over the last decade has focused on the role of cytokines in this process. These polypeptide mediators are believed to be released from both circulating inflammatory and resident lung cells in response to endothelial and epithelial injury. Key cytokines currently implicated in the fibrotic process are transforming growth factor-beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and endothelin-1. This article outlines the evidence implicating these mediators in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and also considers the possible role of cytokines with antifibrotic effects, such as interferon-gamma. The "balance" of positively and negatively regulating cytokines is discussed, and the potential for interaction with other factors including viruses, hormones and altered antioxidant status is also considered. Finally, potential novel therapeutic approaches are discussed, together with suggestions for future studies and clinical trials. As the outcomes of different avenues of research over the last ten years are brought together, it is clear that there is now a hitherto unrivalled opportunity to begin to tackle the treatment of this devastating disease.
          Article 0 comments Cited 35 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP, aka EPA): structure, control of expression and biological functions.

            David T Denhardt, Bo Feng, Dylan R. Edwards … (1993)
            The TIMPs play an important role in regulating the activity of the secreted metalloproteinases (collagenases, stromelysins, gelatinases). Two different TIMPS have been well characterized, each capable of inhibiting all tested eukaryotic metalloproteinases but showing specific binding to a particular gelatinase at a site distinct from the active site. They influence the activation of the prometalloproteinase and act to modulate proteolysis of extracellular matrix, notably during tissue remodeling and inflammatory processes. On certain cell types, they can exhibit growth factor-like activity, and they can inhibit the tumorigenic and metastatic phenotype of cancer cells.
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              Matrix metalloproteinases and metalloproteinase inhibitors in human interphotoreceptor matrix and vitreous.

              J Plantner, Bridget A. Quinn, A Smine (1998)
              We wished to establish which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs) were present in human interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) and vitreous. IPM and vitreous were obtained from postmortem human eyebank eyes. Western immunoblots were probed with antibodies against human MMPs and TIMPs. Assays specific for elastase activity were also performed. Immunoblot analysis indicated the presence of MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase), MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases A and B), MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) and TIMP-1, -2 and -3 in both IPM and vitreous. MMP-7 (matrilysin) and MMP-12 (metalloelastase) were not found in either IPM or vitreous. This is the first demonstration of the MMPs and TIMPs in human IPM and of the TIMPs in human vitreous. While these enzymes are most likely involved in normal turnover within the extracellular matrices that surround the neural retina, they may also play a role in a number of retinal diseases, particularly proliferative diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): OPH
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ophthalmologica
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0030-3755
                Title: Ophthalmologica
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0030-3755
                ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0267
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2004
                Publication date (Print): February 2004
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 December 2003
                Volume: 218
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 49-56
                Affiliations
                aExtracellular Matrix Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, and bInstituto de Oftalmología ‘Fundación Conde de Valenciana’, México, México
                Article
                Publisher ID: 74567 Other ID: Ophthalmologica 2004;218:49–56
                DOI: 10.1159/000074567
                PubMed ID: 14688436
                SO-VID: 5c67feae-9d21-4b88-a3ca-8dca4a90b563
                Copyright © © 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 13 August 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 3, References: 30, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences,Ophthalmology & Optometry,Pathology
                Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinases,Proliferative vitreoretinopathy,Transforming growth factor-β,Collagen,Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases,Retinal detachment,Subretinal fluid
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences, Ophthalmology & Optometry, Pathology
                Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinases, Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, Transforming growth factor-β, Collagen, Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, Retinal detachment, Subretinal fluid

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