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      Selenium relieves oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis within spleen of chicken exposed to mercuric chloride

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          Abstract

          Mercuric chloride ( HgCl 2 ) is a widely distributed environmental pollutant with multiorgan toxicity including immune organs such as spleen. Selenium ( Se) is an essential trace element in animal nutrition and exerts biological activity to antagonize organ toxicity caused by heavy metals. The objective of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of the protective effects of Se against spleen damage caused by HgCl 2 in chicken. Ninety male Hyline brown chicken were randomly divided into 3 groups namely Cont, HgCl 2, and HgCl 2+Se group. Chicken were provided with the standard diet and nontreated water, standard diet and HgCl 2-treated water (250 ppm), and sodium selenite-treated diet (10 ppm) plus HgCl 2-treated water (250 ppm), respectively. After being fed for 7 wk, the spleen tissues were collected, and spleen index, the microstructure of the spleen, and the indicators of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis as well as heat shock proteins ( HSP) were detected. First, the results of spleen index and pathological examination confirmed that Se exerted an antagonistic effect on the spleen injury induced by HgCl 2. Second, Se ameliorated HgCl 2-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the level of malondialdehyde and increasing the levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Third, Se attenuated HgCl 2-induced inflammation by decreasing the protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2, and the gene expression of interleukin ( IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12β, IL-18 as well as tumor necrosis factor-α. Fourth, Se inhibited HgCl 2-induced apoptosis by downregulating the protein expression of BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 and upregulating the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2. Finally, Se reversed HgCl 2-triggered activation of HSP 60, 70, and 90. In conclusion, Se antagonized HgCl 2-induced spleen damage in chicken, partially through the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic signaling.

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          Mercury as a Global Pollutant: Sources, Pathways, and Effects

          Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects human and ecosystem health. We synthesize understanding of sources, atmosphere-land-ocean Hg dynamics and health effects, and consider the implications of Hg-control policies. Primary anthropogenic Hg emissions greatly exceed natural geogenic sources, resulting in increases in Hg reservoirs and subsequent secondary Hg emissions that facilitate its global distribution. The ultimate fate of emitted Hg is primarily recalcitrant soil pools and deep ocean waters and sediments. Transfers of Hg emissions to largely unavailable reservoirs occur over the time scale of centuries, and are primarily mediated through atmospheric exchanges of wet/dry deposition and evasion from vegetation, soil organic matter and ocean surfaces. A key link between inorganic Hg inputs and exposure of humans and wildlife is the net production of methylmercury, which occurs mainly in reducing zones in freshwater, terrestrial, and coastal environments, and the subsurface ocean. Elevated human exposure to methylmercury primarily results from consumption of estuarine and marine fish. Developing fetuses are most at risk from this neurotoxin but health effects of highly exposed populations and wildlife are also a concern. Integration of Hg science with national and international policy efforts is needed to target efforts and evaluate efficacy.
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            Selenium nanoparticles decorated with Ulva lactuca polysaccharide potentially attenuate colitis by inhibiting NF-κB mediated hyper inflammation

            Background Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient trace element and an established nutritional antioxidant. Low Se status exacerbates inflammatory bowel diseases progression, which involves hyper inflammation in the digestive tract. Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit anti-inflammatory activity accompanied by low toxicity, especially when decorated with natural biological compounds. Herein, we explored the beneficial effects of SeNPs decorated with Ulva lactuca polysaccharide (ULP) in mice subjected to the acute colitis model. Results We constructed SeNPs coated with ULP (ULP-SeNPs) in average diameter ~130 nm and demonstrated their stability and homogeneity. Supplementation with ULP-SeNPs (0.8 ppm Se) resulted in a significant protective effect on DSS-induced acute colitis in mice including mitigation of body weight loss, and colonic inflammatory damage. ULP-SeNPs ameliorated macrophage infiltration as evidenced by decreased CD68 levels in colon tissue sections. The anti-inflammatory effects of ULP-SeNPs were found to involve modulation of cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α. Mechanistically, ULP-SeNPs inhibited the activation of macrophages by suppressing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which drives the transcription of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions ULP-SeNPs supplementation may offer therapeutic potential for reducing the symptoms of acute colitis through its anti-inflammatory actions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0252-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Protective effects of dietary luteolin against mercuric chloride-induced lung injury in mice: Involvement of AKT/Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Poult Sci
                Poult Sci
                Poultry Science
                Elsevier
                0032-5791
                1525-3171
                31 August 2020
                November 2020
                31 August 2020
                : 99
                : 11
                : 5430-5439
                Affiliations
                []College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
                []Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
                []Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
                Author notes
                [1 ]Corresponding author: wzy@ 123456sdau.edu.cn
                Article
                S0032-5791(20)30570-8
                10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.031
                7647867
                33142460
                5c693d23-f19c-434f-94ac-4c14ce2125e8
                © 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Poultry Science Association Inc.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 19 March 2020
                : 16 August 2020
                Categories
                Immunology, Health and Disease

                mercuric chloride,selenium,oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis

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