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      Behavioral Studies of Learning in the Africanized Honey Bee ( Apis mellifera L.)

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          Abstract

          Experiments on basic classical conditioning phenomena in adult and young Africanized honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.) are described. Phenomena include conditioning to various stimuli, extinction (both unpaired and CS only), conditioned inhibition, color and odor discrimination. In addition to work on basic phenomena, experiments on practical applications of conditioning methodology are illustrated with studies demonstrating the effects of insecticides on learning and the reaction of bees to consumer products. Electron microscope photos are presented of Africanized workers, drones, and queen bees. Possible sub-species differences between Africanized and European bees are discussed.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          BBE
          Brain Behav Evol
          10.1159/issn.0006-8977
          Brain, Behavior and Evolution
          S. Karger AG
          978-3-8055-7456-3
          978-3-318-00875-3
          0006-8977
          1421-9743
          2002
          2002
          19 June 2002
          : 59
          : 1-2
          : 68-86
          Affiliations
          aLaboratory of Comparative Psychology and Behavioral Biology, Departments of Psychology and Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Okla., USA, bDepartamento de Agropecuária, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus IV, Bananeiras, Brazil
          Article
          63734 Brain Behav Evol 2002;59:68–86
          10.1159/000063734
          12097861
          5c73c16e-2714-428f-a51b-2b49a18be967
          © 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

          Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

          History
          Page count
          Figures: 14, References: 131, Pages: 19
          Categories
          Paper

          Geriatric medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health
          Invertebrate behavior,Invertebrates,Electron microscopy,Learning,Classical conditioning,Insects,Africanized honey bee,Intelligence,Insect behavior

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