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      Visualizing how T cells collect activation signals in vivo.

      Current Opinion in Immunology
      Animals, Antigen-Presenting Cells, cytology, immunology, metabolism, Cell Communication, Cells, Cultured, Chemotaxis, Leukocyte, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphoid Tissue, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton, Models, Molecular, Protein Binding, Random Allocation, Signal Transduction, T-Lymphocyte Subsets

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          Abstract

          A decade ago the first movies depicting T cell behavior in vivo with the help of two-photon microscopy were generated. These initial experiments revealed that T cells migrate rapidly and randomly in secondary lymphoid organs at steady state and profoundly alter their behavior during antigen recognition, establishing both transient and stable contacts with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Since then, in vivo imaging has continuously improved our understanding of T cell activation. In particular, recent studies uncovered how T cells may be guided in their search for the best APCs. Additionally, the development of more sophisticated fluorescent tools has permitted not only to visualize T cell-APC contacts but also to probe their functional impact on T cell activation. These recent progresses are providing new insights into how T cells sense antigen, collect activation signals during distinct types of interaction and integrate information over successive encounters. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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