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      Polymethylmethacrylate doped with porphyrin and silver nanoparticles as light-activated antimicrobial material

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          Abstract

          Light-activated antimicrobial materials based on polymethylmethactylate doped with porphyrin and silver nanoparticles were prepared and studied.

          Abstract

          Light-activated antimicrobial materials based on polymethylmethacrylate doped with porphyrin and silver nanoparticles were prepared and studied. The inspiration for the material design originates from photodynamic therapy where light is used to destroy pathogen microbes. Antimicrobial response of the materials is controlled by blue light illumination. Porphyrin molecules serve as light absorbers with dual antimicrobial response under illumination they produce reactive oxygen and affect the kinetics of silver release from the polymer. Silver is responsive for the antimicrobial effect, for the protection of porphyrin against photobleaching and for the conservation of energy through suppression of porphyrin luminescence. Triggerable and enhanced antimicrobial response of the material is activated through several possible mechanisms, including local heating of the polymer matrix, transfer of the excited state from porphyrin to silver and the synergetic effect of reactive oxygen and silver. In a passive state the material exhibits weak antimicrobial response against Gram-negative bacteria. In an active state, however, it is fatal for both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.

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          Most cited references30

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          Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms.

          The major strategies for designing surfaces that prevent fouling due to proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms are reviewed. Biofouling is of great concern in numerous applications ranging from biosensors to biomedical implants and devices, and from food packaging to industrial and marine equipment. The two major approaches to combat surface fouling are based on either preventing biofoulants from attaching or degrading them. One of the key strategies for imparting adhesion resistance involves the functionalization of surfaces with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or oligo(ethylene glycol). Several alternatives to PEG-based coatings have also been designed over the past decade. While protein-resistant coatings may also resist bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation, in order to overcome the fouling-mediated risk of bacterial infection it is highly desirable to design coatings that are bactericidal. Traditional techniques involve the design of coatings that release biocidal agents, including antibiotics, quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), and silver, into the surrounding aqueous environment. However, the emergence of antibiotic- and silver-resistant pathogenic strains has necessitated the development of alternative strategies. Therefore, other techniques based on the use of polycations, enzymes, nanomaterials, and photoactive agents are being investigated. With regard to marine antifouling coatings, restrictions on the use of biocide-releasing coatings have made the generation of nontoxic antifouling surfaces more important. While considerable progress has been made in the design of antifouling coatings, ongoing research in this area should result in the development of even better antifouling materials in the future. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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            Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles.

            The antimicrobial effects of silver (Ag) ion or salts are well known, but the effects of Ag nanoparticles on microorganisms and antimicrobial mechanism have not been revealed clearly. Stable Ag nanoparticles were prepared and their shape and size distribution characterized by particle characterizer and transmission electron microscopic study. The antimicrobial activity of Ag nanoparticles was investigated against yeast, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. In these tests, Muller Hinton agar plates were used and Ag nanoparticles of various concentrations were supplemented in liquid systems. As results, yeast and E. coli were inhibited at the low concentration of Ag nanoparticles, whereas the growth-inhibitory effects on S. aureus were mild. The free-radical generation effect of Ag nanoparticles on microbial growth inhibition was investigated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. These results suggest that Ag nanoparticles can be used as effective growth inhibitors in various microorganisms, making them applicable to diverse medical devices and antimicrobial control systems.
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              Synthesis and effect of silver nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

              Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been known to have inhibitory and bactericidal effects. Resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major health problem. The combination effects of Ag-NPs with the antibacterial activity of antibiotics have not been studied. Here, we report on the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles of silver using a reduction of aqueous Ag(+) ion with the culture supernatants of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Also in this article these nanoparticles are evaluated for their part in increasing the antimicrobial activities of various antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activities of penicillin G, amoxicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin were increased in the presence of Ag-NPs against both test strains. The highest enhancing effects were observed for vancomycin, amoxicillin, and penicillin G against S. aureus.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                RSCACL
                RSC Adv.
                RSC Adv.
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2046-2069
                2014
                2014
                : 4
                : 92
                : 50624-50630
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Solid State Engineering
                [2 ]Institute of Chemical Technology
                [3 ]Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
                [4 ]Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR
                [5 ]Prague 165 02, Czech Republic
                Article
                10.1039/C4RA08385G
                5cf673a7-e141-4669-948c-ef839765427f
                © 2014
                History

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