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      Joint action aesthetics

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          Abstract

          Synchronized movement is a ubiquitous feature of dance and music performance. Much research into the evolutionary origins of these cultural practices has focused on why humans perform rather than watch or listen to dance and music. In this study, we show that movement synchrony among a group of performers predicts the aesthetic appreciation of live dance performances. We developed a choreography that continuously manipulated group synchronization using a defined movement vocabulary based on arm swinging, walking and running. The choreography was performed live to four audiences, as we continuously tracked the performers’ movements, and the spectators’ affective responses. We computed dynamic synchrony among performers using cross recurrence analysis of data from wrist accelerometers, and implicit measures of arousal from spectators’ heart rates. Additionally, a subset of spectators provided continuous ratings of enjoyment and perceived synchrony using tablet computers. Granger causality analyses demonstrate predictive relationships between synchrony, enjoyment ratings and spectator arousal, if audiences form a collectively consistent positive or negative aesthetic evaluation. Controlling for the influence of overall movement acceleration and visual change, we show that dance communicates group coordination via coupled movement dynamics among a group of performers. Our findings are in line with an evolutionary function of dance–and perhaps all performing arts–in transmitting social signals between groups of people. Human movement is the common denominator of dance, music and theatre. Acknowledging the time-sensitive and immediate nature of the performer-spectator relationship, our study makes a significant step towards an aesthetics of joint actions in the performing arts.

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          Action observation and acquired motor skills: an FMRI study with expert dancers.

          When we observe someone performing an action, do our brains simulate making that action? Acquired motor skills offer a unique way to test this question, since people differ widely in the actions they have learned to perform. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study differences in brain activity between watching an action that one has learned to do and an action that one has not, in order to assess whether the brain processes of action observation are modulated by the expertise and motor repertoire of the observer. Experts in classical ballet, experts in capoeira and inexpert control subjects viewed videos of ballet or capoeira actions. Comparing the brain activity when dancers watched their own dance style versus the other style therefore reveals the influence of motor expertise on action observation. We found greater bilateral activations in premotor cortex and intraparietal sulcus, right superior parietal lobe and left posterior superior temporal sulcus when expert dancers viewed movements that they had been trained to perform compared to movements they had not. Our results show that this 'mirror system' integrates observed actions of others with an individual's personal motor repertoire, and suggest that the human brain understands actions by motor simulation.
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            jsPsych: a JavaScript library for creating behavioral experiments in a Web browser.

            Online experiments are growing in popularity, and the increasing sophistication of Web technology has made it possible to run complex behavioral experiments online using only a Web browser. Unlike with offline laboratory experiments, however, few tools exist to aid in the development of browser-based experiments. This makes the process of creating an experiment slow and challenging, particularly for researchers who lack a Web development background. This article introduces jsPsych, a JavaScript library for the development of Web-based experiments. jsPsych formalizes a way of describing experiments that is much simpler than writing the entire experiment from scratch. jsPsych then executes these descriptions automatically, handling the flow from one task to another. The jsPsych library is open-source and designed to be expanded by the research community. The project is available online at www.jspsych.org .
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              Model selection for ecologists: the worldviews of AIC and BIC.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                25 July 2017
                2017
                : 12
                : 7
                : e0180101
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
                [2 ] School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
                [3 ] Independent Artist and Choreographer, London, United Kingdom
                [4 ] Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
                University of Western Ontario, CANADA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                • Conceptualization: SV JZ MS DCR GO.

                • Data curation: SV DCR GO.

                • Formal analysis: SV DCR GO.

                • Funding acquisition: DCR GO MS.

                • Investigation: SV JZ MS GO.

                • Methodology: SV JZ MS DCR GO.

                • Project administration: SV JZ MS DCR GO.

                • Resources: SV JZ MS DCR GO.

                • Software: SV DCR GO.

                • Supervision: GO DCR MS.

                • Validation: SV JZ MS DCR GO.

                • Visualization: SV GO.

                • Writing – original draft: SV JZ MS DCR GO.

                • Writing – review & editing: SV JZ MS DCR GO.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3725-3979
                Article
                PONE-D-16-45868
                10.1371/journal.pone.0180101
                5526561
                28742849
                5d1901de-5fad-4ab7-9781-6c2c5be90aa5
                © 2017 Vicary et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 18 November 2016
                : 9 June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 2, Pages: 21
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000269, Economic and Social Research Council;
                Award ID: ES/M000680/1
                Award Recipient :
                This research was supported by an ESRC transformative research grant (ES/M000680/1) awarded to G. Orgs and D. C. Richardson.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Cardiology
                Heart Rate
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Sensory Perception
                Vision
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Vision
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Vision
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Attitudes (Psychology)
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Attitudes (Psychology)
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Limbs (Anatomy)
                Arms
                Wrist
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Limbs (Anatomy)
                Arms
                Wrist
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Cognitive Science
                Cognitive Psychology
                Music Cognition
                Music Perception
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Cognitive Psychology
                Music Cognition
                Music Perception
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Cognitive Psychology
                Music Cognition
                Music Perception
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Sensory Perception
                Music Perception
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Music Perception
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Music Perception
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Social Psychology
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Social Psychology
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                Classical Mechanics
                Motion
                Custom metadata
                A data set containing all averaged time-series variables for each performance is publicly available at Goldsmiths public data repository at http://research.gold.ac.uk/id/eprint/20364.

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                Uncategorized

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