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      Revisão integrativa sobre a violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação Translated title: Revisión integrativa sobre violencia por compañero íntimo en la gestación Translated title: Integrative review regarding intimate partner violence in pregnancy

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          Abstract

          A violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) representa uma violação de direitos humanos e um problema de saúde pública que predominantemente afeta mulheres na idade reprodutiva. Esta revisão integrativa analisou a prevalência e fatores associados à VPI durante o período da gestação, a partir de 45 produções científicas das bases das Ciências da Saúde em Geral, durante os anos de 2007 e 2012. A prevalência de VPI na gestação atual variou entre 3% e 43%, de acordo com o tipo de violência investigada e métodos de estudo. A VPI está associada a efeitos adversos à saúde materna, tais como estresse, ansiedade e depressão, tabagismo, abuso de álcool, gravidez indesejada, aborto, descolamento prematuro de placenta, pré-eclampsia, início tardio do pré-natal, entre outros. Conclui-se que se faz importante a investigação de VPI no pré-natal e considera-se que enfermeiros ocupam posição privilegiada para rastrear VPI na gestação e incluir as mulheres maltratadas em serviços de apoio social e comunitário.

          Translated abstract

          La violencia por compañero íntimo (VPI) representa una violación de derechos humanos, es un problema de salud pública que afecta particularmente a mujeres en edad reproductiva. Esta revisión integrativa analizó la prevalencia y factores asociados a la VPI durante el período gestacional, partiendo de 45 producciones científicas de las bases de Ciencias de Salud General, durante 2007 y 2012. La prevalencia de VPI gestacional actual varió entre 3% y 43%, según el tipo de violencia investigada y métodos de estudio. Está asociada a efectos adversos a la salud materna como estrés, ansiedad y depresión, tabaquismo, alcoholismo, embarazo indeseado, aborto, desprendimiento prematuro de la placenta, preeclampsia, inicio tardío del prenatal, entre otros. Se concluye en la importancia de la investigación de VPI en el prenatal y se considera que los enfermeros ostentan un lugar privilegiado para detectar VPI gestacional e incluir a las mujeres maltratadas en servicios de apoyo social comunitario.

          Translated abstract

          Intimate partner violence (IPV) represents a violation of human rights and a public health problem that increasingly affects women of reproductive age. This integrative review analyzed the prevalence and factors associated with IPV during the gestational period, including 45 scientific productions from the databases of Health Sciences in General, spanning the years 2007 to 2012. The prevalence of IPV in pregnancy varied between 3% and 43%, according to the studied type of violence and study methods. IPV is associated with adverse effects to the mother's health, such as stress, anxiety and depression, tobacco use, alcohol abuse, undesired pregnancy, abortion, abruptio placentae, preeclampsia and a late start to prenatal care, among others. The authors conclude that it is important to study IPV in the prenatal period and consider that nurses occupy a privileged position to monitor IPV during pregnancy and should include mistreated women in social and community support services.

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          Most cited references25

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          Violence against women in health-care institutions: an emerging problem.

          Maternal morbidity and mortality in childbirth is a matter of utmost importance in public health. In this article, we argue that part of the problem lies in violence committed by health workers in childbearing or abortion services, which affects health-service access, compliance, quality, and effectiveness. We analysed rigorous research from the past decade and discuss four forms of violent abuse by doctors and nurses: neglect and verbal, physical, and sexual abuse. These forms of violence recur, are often deliberate, are a serious violation of human rights, and are related to poor quality and effectiveness of health-care services. This abuse is a means of controlling patients that is learnt during training and reinforced in health facilities. Abuse occurs mainly in situations in which the legitimacy of health services is questionable or can be the result of prejudice against certain population groups. We discuss ways to prevent violent abuse.
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            Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: incidence and associated health behaviors in a rural population.

            The goal of this investigation was to examine the prevalence of different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy, as well as the association between both physical and psychological IPV and negative health behaviors, including smoking, other substance use, inadequate prenatal care utilization, and nutrition, in a rural sample. 104 southern Appalachian women, primarily Caucasian and lower SES, completed a pregnancy interview focused on IPV (CTS2) and health behaviors. Medical records were also reviewed. 81% of participants reported some type of IPV during the current pregnancy, with 28% reporting physical IPV, and 20% reporting sexual violence. More than half were current smokers. Physical IPV during pregnancy was associated with significantly increased rates of pregnancy smoking (including decreased rates of quitting and reducing), increased rates of alcohol, marijuana, and harder illicit drug use around the time of conception, and later entry into prenatal care. The experience of psychological IPV during pregnancy was associated with a significantly decreased likelihood of quitting or reducing smoking during pregnancy, an increased rate of alcohol use around the time of conception, and an increased rate of pre-pregnancy obesity. In this sample, pregnancy IPV and smoking occurred at rates well above national averages. Additionally, while physical IPV during pregnancy was associated with several negative pregnancy health behaviors, the experience of psychological IPV, even in the absence of physical IPV, also placed women at increased risk for negative health behaviors, all of which have been linked to poor pregnancy and newborn outcomes.
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              Pregnancy and intimate partner violence: risk factors, severity, and health effects.

              The current study compares female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) who were and were not victimized during pregnancy. Victims of pregnancy violence are more likely to report having experienced all forms of violence, particularly severe forms, and have higher odds of experiencing several postviolence indicators of severity and adverse health consequences. The significance of predictors disappears in a post hoc analysis controlling for proxies of battering behavior (i.e., repeated and severe violence), suggesting that victims who experience violence during pregnancy may be more likely to be in a current intimate relationship with an abuser who inflicts repeated and severe IPV.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ree
                Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem
                Rev. Eletr. Enf.
                Universidade Federal de Goiás (Goiânia, GO, Brazil )
                1518-1944
                December 2012
                : 14
                : 4
                : 944-956
                Affiliations
                [01] Ribeirão Preto SP orgnameUSP orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto Brasil
                Article
                S1518-19442012000400024 S1518-1944(12)01400424
                5d40cdb3-bce2-42b6-bed4-ad71dcdb2eca

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 October 2011
                : 20 March 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Artigo de Revisão

                Gravidez,Violencia contra la Mujer,Violencia Doméstica,Mujeres Maltratadas,Violencia,Embarazo,Violence Against Women,Domestic Violence,Battered Women,Violence,Pregnancy,Violência contra a Mulher,Violência Doméstica,Mulheres Maltratadas,Violência

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