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      Characterization of Anatomical, Chemical, and Biodegradable Properties of Fibers from Corn, Wheat, and Rice Residues Translated title: Caracterización de Propiedades Anatómicas, Químicas y de Biodegradación de Fibras Provenientes de Residuos de Maíz, Trigo y Arroz

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          Abstract

          Anatomical, chemical, and biodegradation properties of fibers from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and corn (Zea mays L.) plant residues and from rice hull were characterized to generate scientific and technical knowledge to support decision making regarding their use. The anatomical and chemical properties were determined following standard procedures. The degree of biodeterioration was analyzed from growth of white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (Jaq.) Quél. in 30 d under favorable conditions. Afterwards, weight loss was evaluated for each residue. Three replicates were used, plus a control of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) woodchips. The greatest proportion of a-cellulose was found in residues of rice plants (45.1%), with a high amount of extractable (non-structural components, that confer organoleptic characteristics), followed by rice hull (22.78%), which is explained by the presence of silica in their cells. Ash content was higher in wheat residues, reaching up to 18.34%. Anatomical characteristics were studied to corroborate potential use in industrial processes. Fiber length and wall thickness were similar to those of latifoliate wood fibers, although possibly less resistant because of lower lignification. The largest weight loss was from rice plant (32%), followed by rice hull (27%), and corn plants (26.6%). The most resistant was wheat plant (15.8%). All these materials had greater weight losses than the control sample (3.8%). Thus, given their anatomical and chemical properties, the use of plant residue fibers in industrial processes is technically possible, though with concern about their biodegradability.

          Translated abstract

          Se caracterizaron las propiedades anatómicas, químicas y biodegradación de fibras de residuos de plantas de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.), plantas de arroz (Oryza sativa L.), plantas de maíz (Zea mays L.), y cáscara de arroz, con el objetivo de generar información y tomar decisiones de uso con bases científicas y tecnológicas. Las propiedades anatómicas y químicas se determinaron utilizando procedimientos estándares. El biodeterioro se estudió analizando el crecimiento del hongo de pudrición blanca Pleurotus ostreatus (Jaq.) Quél. durante 30 días bajo condiciones favorables; y la consiguiente pérdida de peso de cada residuo. Con tres repeticiones, más testigo de viruta de Pinus radiata D. Don. Mayor proporción de α-celulosa se encontró en arroz (45,1%), con alta cantidad de extraíbles (compuestos no estructurales que aportan características organolépticas) seguido por cáscara de arroz (22,78%), que posee sílice en sus células; el contenido de cenizas fue mayor en trigo (18,34%). Las características anatómicas corroboran las posibilidades de uso en procesos industriales, pues poseen longitud y espesor de pared similar a las fibras de maderas latifoliadas, aunque posiblemente menos resistentes por su menor lignificación. Las plantas de arroz presentaron mayor pérdida de peso (32%), seguida de cáscara de arroz (27%) y plantas de maíz (26,6%); las más resistentes fueron las plantas de trigo (15,8%). Todos los materiales tuvieron pérdidas de peso mayores que la madera (3,8%). Entonces, dada sus propiedades anatómicas y químicas, es técnicamente posible su empleo en procesos industriales, aunque se debe cautelar la biodegradación.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                chiljar
                Chilean journal of agricultural research
                Chil. j. agric. res.
                Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA (Chillán, , Chile )
                0718-5839
                September 2009
                : 69
                : 3
                : 406-415
                Affiliations
                [02] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas Chile
                [01] Santiago orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Chile rgaray@ 123456uchile.cl
                Article
                S0718-58392009000300014 S0718-5839(09)06900300014
                10.4067/S0718-58392009000300014
                5d585e3d-4841-4b10-ba9b-ef755e5a426f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 June 2008
                : 08 February 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                RESEARCH ARTICLES

                Pleurotus ostreatus,biodeterioration,pudrición blanca,residuos agrícolas,fibras agrícolas,biodeterioro,white rot,crop residues,agriculture fibers

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