0
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Has COVID-19 lockdown impacted on aged care energy use and demand?

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          In late March to April 2020 residential aged care facilities (RAC) in Australia were under COVID-19 lockdown. This paper explores whether the resultant restrictions on entry and exit and elimination of site group activities within RACs impacted on the total electricity use, peak demand and electrical load profiles.

          Six RACs in four different climate zones are analysed, comparing historical electricity load and demand profiles with the lockdown period. The facilities in warm regions showed largest reductions in energy use and peak demands. There was a peak demand timing shift in temperate regions and hot regions’ changes were negligible for energy use or peak demands.

          This study revealed the limitations of using aggregate data as the key performance indicator (KPI) – energy use per bed. Also, KPIs in relation to cooling degree days (or total cooling and heating degree days) have been examined and are not recommended for temperate regions or temperate seasons. The potential CO 2 emission reduction from onsite renewable generation is quantified.

          Further research is to investigate energy use changes at circuit levels under lockdowns, and develop more nuanced KPIs that include the rate of energy use and the timing of that use.

          Related collections

          Most cited references9

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Short-Term Residential Load Forecasting based on LSTM Recurrent Neural Network

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Nursing homes or besieged castles: COVID-19 in northern Italy

            The tragic events in Italy, with more than 10 000 deaths due to novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), are causing pain and demoralisation to a still incredulous and shocked general population. It is particularly distressing that outbreaks of infection have developed rapidly in many nursing homes, where staff have been completely neglected by health authorities and can offer only little protection to many frail and needy older people. In the province of Bergamo, more than 600 nursing home residents, from a total capacity of 6400 beds, died between March 7 and 27, 2020. A similar hecatomb is occurring in many other parts of the administrative regions of Lombardy, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna, where nursing homes commonly have 10–15 deaths due to COVID-19 out of 70 guests. In some cases, 3–4 guests died in a single day. In the past decade, especially in the north of Italy, residences for older people had reached a good standard of quality, similar to the European average. 1 However, the system was seemingly operating at the limit of economic survival, with no provision for an emergency. At the first crisis, the system thus met with serious difficulties. Today is time only to reduce the suffering of the present; at the end of the drama, planning the functioning of nursing homes in a different way must be essential. In our view, during the COVID-19 epidemic, nursing homes of northern Italy are like isolated citadels, with very little contact with the external environment. Loneliness, therefore, is the general condition in these nursing homes, where nobody enters and nobody exits. The prevailing feeling is that of living in a trap, in a generally modern residence, where everything happens in the most complete closure, to defend those who are inside from the risk of contagion and those who are outside from the possibility of witnessing the progressive, unavoidable, and unmodifiable shutdown of many lives. The situation is characterised by various dynamics. Residents struggle with the absence of relatives and their visits. An attempt has been made to replace direct contacts with the use of tablet computers. However, this provision has limited effectiveness on residents with dementia, who need a caress, a massage, and a nearby voice. In many cases, this attempt has caused serious discomfort, which manifests itself as delirium superimposed on dementia, in particular a hypokinetic type, with the consequent refusal of food and the difficulty of getting out of bed. 2 We are not yet able to measure the frequency of these reactions, but empirical observation indicates a prevalence of over 50% of the residents. 3 Older residents who are cognitively intact also breathe the atmosphere of anxiety and anguish, even if staff try not to convey their worries and fears. Relatives struggle with the breakdown of direct relationships with their loved ones. In some, serious feelings of guilt develop. One relative told us, “if I had not put my dad in the nursing home, he would still be with me and in these dramatic moments I could make him understand all my affection”. In others, aggression towards nursing home managers arises. All are dominated by fear and anguish because the messages filtered by the staff regarding the condition of their loved ones do not eliminate anxieties for the future. This feeling is aggravated by television and newspaper reports that residents cannot be transferred to emergency hospital facilities because these are too overcrowded. Family members feel like they are left outside the walls of a castle, without knowing anything about what is going on inside. Doctors working in nursing homes feel responsible (even if the blame lies with government administrations) for not having isolated residents in a timely manner, meaning that many residents transmitted the virus to their relatives. Doctors feel powerless and completely disoriented. They have seen their colleagues become infected and die despite protections and cautions. Doctors feel exhausted and unable to make good clinical predictions: some patients seem to be seriously ill and recover, whereas others appear to be fine then die. Swab tests are only done in hospitals, when patients are symptomatic. The staff fear for their own families, particularly for the older people and children with whom they live at home. Moreover, every time a resident dies, a bond that has been built in months of closeness gets broken; this loss causes a pain that most of the time cannot be shared with anyone because the numbers of staff on duty have decreased because of contamination with the virus. Psychological support services for staff have been abolished during the epidemic. In some cases, staff have been provided accommodation that is separate from those of their families, which creates an additional castle effect, provoking, in turn, complex dynamics between care team members, who frequently lack effective leadership. The managers of nursing homes feel guilty about the absence of preparation; there is a shortage of oxygen, ventilators, masks, and eyeglasses. The risk of managers soon crossing from anxiety and anguish to loss of energy and renunciation, without producing any positive reactions, must be monitored. Despite the critical situation, operators and guests do not exhibit manifest signs of aggression, and episodes of verbal or physical violence are seldom recorded. Unexpectedly, an atmosphere of particular sweetness has often been observed, as if people transformed their anxiety into extraordinary acts of closeness and kindness. Guests should continue to see light at the end of the tunnel, and for health professionals, death should not turn off the light in their eyes; instead, they should continue to provide hope to residents. The feeling of living in a besieged castle is reinforced by the fact that the residents who die do not receive a public funeral, with no involvement of relatives and local communities; therefore, no evidence exists of a relationship between inside and outside. This lack of connectivity is unprecedented. Dead people disappear without any contact with those who previously knew them and loved them. Because there is no more room in the local cemeteries and no cremation can be done nearby, military trucks have transported the coffins of dead people to other regions. Television pictures of these scenes have made a huge impression on all Italian citizens. From the besieged castles desperate appeals for help frequently emerge. Overwhelmed by the magnitude of the catastrophe or unable to find adequate answers, nobody answers.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Continuing care and COVID-19: a Canadian tragedy that must not be allowed to happen again

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Energy Build
                Energy Build
                Energy and Buildings
                Elsevier B.V.
                0378-7788
                1872-6178
                26 January 2021
                15 March 2021
                26 January 2021
                : 235
                : 110759
                Affiliations
                Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane QLD4000, Australia
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                S0378-7788(21)00043-8 110759
                10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.110759
                9387169
                5d7b4a3f-906f-47d6-b61e-9b6d0851abb9
                © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 26 September 2020
                : 23 December 2020
                : 13 January 2021
                Categories
                Article

                care home,data analysis,electricity,energy audit,energy management,distributed energy resource,health,investment planning,key performance indicator,peak demand,renewable,resilience,tariff

                Comments

                Comment on this article