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      Rapid imaging of free radicals in vivo using field cycled PEDRI.

      1 , ,
      Physics in medicine and biology
      IOP Publishing

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          Abstract

          Imaging of free radicals in vivo using an interleaved field-cycled proton-electron double-resonance imaging (FC-PEDRI) pulse sequence has recently been investigated. In this work, in order to reduce the EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) irradiation power required and the imaging time, a centric reordered snapshot FC-PEDRI pulse sequence has been implemented. This is based on the FLASH pulse sequence with a very short repetition time and the use of centric reordering of the phase-encoding gradient, allowing the most significant free induction decay (FID) signals to be collected before the signal enhancement decays significantly. A new technique of signal phaseshift correction was required to eliminate ghost artefacts caused by the instability of the main magnetic field after field cycling. An FID amplitude correction scheme has also been implemented to reduce edge enhancement artefacts caused by the rapid change of magnetization population before reaching the steady state. Using the rapid pulse sequence, the time required for acquisition of a 64 x 64 pixel FC-PEDRI image was reduced to 6 s per image compared with about 2.5 min with the conventional pulse sequence. The EPR irradiation power applied to the sample was reduced by a factor of approximately 64. Although the resulting images obtained by the rapid pulse sequence have a lower signal to noise than those obtained by a normal interleaved FC-PEDRI pulse sequence, the results show that rapid imaging of free radicals in vivo using snapshot FC-PEDRI is possible.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Phys Med Biol
          Physics in medicine and biology
          IOP Publishing
          0031-9155
          0031-9155
          Dec 1999
          : 44
          : 12
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Bio-Medical Physics and Bio-Engineering, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, UK.
          Article
          10.1088/0031-9155/44/12/301
          10616141
          5d916d82-9421-4850-8056-8d58a9099b0a
          History

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