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      Dielectrophoresis for Bioparticle Manipulation

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          Abstract

          As an ideal method to manipulate biological particles, the dielectrophoresis (DEP) technique has been widely used in clinical diagnosis, disease treatment, drug development, immunoassays, cell sorting, etc. This review summarizes the research in the field of bioparticle manipulation based on DEP techniques. Firstly, the basic principle of DEP and its classical theories are introduced in brief; Secondly, a detailed introduction on the DEP technique used for bioparticle manipulation is presented, in which the applications are classified into five fields: capturing bioparticles to specific regions, focusing bioparticles in the sample, characterizing biomolecular interaction and detecting microorganism, pairing cells for electrofusion and separating different kinds of bioparticles; Thirdly, the effect of DEP on bioparticle viability is analyzed; Finally, the DEP techniques are summarized and future trends in bioparticle manipulation are suggested.

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          Isolation of rare cells from cell mixtures by dielectrophoresis.

          Jamileh Noshari, Bernhard Becker, Peter R. C. Gascoyne … (2009)
          The application of dielectrophoretic field-flow fractionation (depFFF) to the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from clinical blood specimens was studied using simulated cell mixtures of three different cultured tumor cell types with peripheral blood. The depFFF method can not only exploit intrinsic tumor cell properties so that labeling is unnecessary but can also deliver unmodified, viable tumor cells for culture and/or all types of molecular analysis. We investigated tumor cell recovery efficiency as a function of cell loading for a 25 mm wide x 300 mm long depFFF chamber. More than 90% of tumor cells were recovered for small samples but a larger chamber will be required if similarly high recovery efficiencies are to be realized for 10 mL blood specimens used CTC analysis in clinics. We show that the factor limiting isolation efficiency is cell-cell dielectric interactions and that isolation protocols should be completed within approximately 15 min in order to avoid changes in cell dielectric properties associated with ion leakage.
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            Continuous separation of breast cancer cells from blood samples using multi-orifice flow fractionation (MOFF) and dielectrophoresis (DEP).

            Il Jung, Seung-Whan Kim, Joohyuk Sohn … (2011)
            Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are highly correlated with the invasive behavior of cancer, so their isolations and quantifications are important for biomedical applications such as cancer prognosis and measuring the responses to drug treatments. In this paper, we present the development of a microfluidic device for the separation of CTCs from blood cells based on the physical properties of cells. For use as a CTC model, we successfully separated human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) from a spiked blood cell sample by combining multi-orifice flow fractionation (MOFF) and dielectrophoretic (DEP) cell separation technique. Hydrodynamic separation takes advantage of the massive and high-throughput filtration of blood cells as it can accommodate a very high flow rate. DEP separation plays a role in precise post-processing to enhance the efficiency of the separation. The serial combination of these two different sorting techniques enabled high-speed continuous flow-through separation without labeling. We observed up to a 162-fold increase in MCF-7 cells at a 126 µL min(-1) flow rate. Red and white blood cells were efficiently removed with separation efficiencies of 99.24% and 94.23% respectively. Therefore, we suggest that our system could be used for separation and detection of CTCs from blood cells for biomedical applications. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011
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              Separation of submicron bioparticles by dielectrophoresis.

              Hywel Morgan, Michael Hughes, Nicolas Green (1999)
              Submicron particles such as latex spheres and viruses can be manipulated and characterized using dielectrophoresis. By the use of appropriate microelectrode arrays, particles can be trapped or moved between regions of high or low electric fields. The magnitude and direction of the dielectrophoretic force on the particle depends on its dielectric properties, so that a heterogeneous mixture of particles can be separated to produce a more homogeneous population. In this paper the controlled separation of submicron bioparticles is demonstrated. With electrode arrays fabricated using direct write electron beam lithography, it is shown that different types of submicron latex spheres can be spatially separated. The separation occurs as a result of differences in magnitude and/or direction of the dielectrophoretic force on different populations of particles. These differences arise mainly because the surface properties of submicron particles dominate their dielectrophoretic behavior. It is also demonstrated that tobacco mosaic virus and herpes simplex virus can be manipulated and spatially separated in a microelectrode array.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Bing Yan: Role: External Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 October 2014
                Publication date Collection: October 2014
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 18281-18309
                Affiliations
                Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; E-Mails: ffsyccc@ 123456163.com (C.Q.); chenliguo@ 123456suda.edu.cn (L.C.); licool@ 123456mail.ustc.edu.cn (X.L.); gezunbiao@ 123456hotmail.com (Z.G.); cht22@ 123456sina.com (T.C.); yangzhan@ 123456suda.edu.cn (Z.Y.); lnsun@ 123456hit.edu.cn (L.S.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hbhuang@ 123456suda.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-157-2486-4050; Fax: +86-512-6758-7217.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-15-18281
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018281
                PMC ID: 4227216
                PubMed ID: 25310652
                SO-VID: 5da3cc39-bf3a-4925-94be-d910ca13d621
                Copyright © © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 24 June 2014
                Date revision received : 18 September 2014
                Date accepted : 24 September 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: dielectrophoresis,lab-on-a-chip,bioparticle,trapping,detection,focusing,pairing,separation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: dielectrophoresis, lab-on-a-chip, bioparticle, trapping, detection, focusing, pairing, separation

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