Urinary and Plasma Levels of Vasohibin-1 Can Predict Renal Functional Deterioration in Patients with Renal Disorders

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Abstract

Vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) is a negative feedback regulator of angiogenesis, and a small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP) serves as its secretory chaperone and contributes to its antiangiogenic effects. In the present study, we aimed to define the clinical significance of VASH-1 and SVBP in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We recruited 67 Japanese hospitalized patients with renal disorders with (n = 45) or without (n = 22) renal biopsy samples and 10 Japanese healthy controls. We evaluated the correlations between the plasma and urinary levels of VASH-1/VASH-1-SVBP complex/SVBP and the clinicopathological parameters. The plasma levels of VASH-1 were inversely correlated with age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and positively correlated with crescent formation. Increased plasma and urinary levels of VASH-1 and VASH-1-SVBP complex were significantly correlated with worse renal outcomes. These results demonstrate an association between elevated urinary and plasma levels of VASH-1 and progressive decline of the renal function, thus suggesting a potential role for VASH-1 in predicting a worse renal prognosis in patients with renal disease, including CKD.

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Most cited references 47

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J Folkman (1995)

Recent discoveries of endogenous negative regulators of angiogenesis, thrombospondin, angiostatin and glioma-derived angiogenesis inhibitory factor, all associated with neovascularized tumours, suggest a new paradigm of tumorigenesis. It is now helpful to think of the switch to the angiogenic phenotype as a net balance of positive and negative regulators of blood vessel growth. The extent to which the negative regulators are decreased during this switch may dictate whether a primary tumour grows rapidly or slowly and whether metastases grow at all.

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Increased renal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 in experimental diabetes.

C. Kuhn, D Casley, Jeffrey F. Kelly … (1999)

It has been suggested that the cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, but its role in nephropathy has not been clearly demonstrated. Assessment of VEGF, 125I-VEGF binding, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in the kidney was performed after 3 and 32 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Gene expression of both VEGF and VEGFR-2 was assessed by Northern blot analysis and the localization of the ligand and receptor was examined by in situ hybridization. VEGF and VEGFR-2 protein were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Binding of the radioligand 125I-VEGF was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo autoradiography. Diabetes was associated with increased renal VEGF gene expression. VEGF mRNA and protein were localized to the visceral epithelial cells of the glomerulus and to distal tubules and collecting ducts in both diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Renal VEGFR-2 mRNA was increased after 3 weeks of diabetes but not in long-term diabetes. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies revealed that glomerular endothelial cells were the major site of VEGFR-2 expression. In addition, VEGFR-2 gene expression was detected in cortical and renomedullary interstitial cells and on endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries. There was an increase in 125I-VEGF binding sites after 3 but not 32 weeks of diabetes. The major VEGF binding sites were in the glomeruli. 125I-VEGF binding was also observed in medullary rays and in the renal papillae. These studies indicate an early and persistent increase in renal VEGF gene expression in association with experimental diabetes. In addition, an early and transient increase in renal VEGF receptors was also observed in diabetic rats. These findings are consistent with a role for VEGF in mediating some of the changes observed in the diabetic kidney.

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Podocytopenia and disease severity in IgA nephropathy.

Kevin Lemley, Addy Squarer, Massy Safai … (2002)

IgA nephropathy is a common form of progressive glomerular disease, associated with proliferation of mesangial cells and mesangial deposition of IgA. The present study was designed to investigate functional and morphological covariates of disease severity in patients with IgA nephropathy. Glomerular hemodynamics, permselectivity and ultrastructure were studied in 17 adult patients with IgA nephropathy using inulin, para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and 3H-Ficoll clearances and morphometric methods. A mathematical model of macromolecule permeation through a heteroporous membrane was used to characterize glomerular permselectivity. Controls consisted of 14 healthy living kidney donors and 12 healthy volunteers. The patients were heterogeneous in their disease severity, but as a group had a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased urinary protein excretion compared to controls [63 +/- 29 SD vs. 104 +/- 23 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001, and (median) 1.34 vs. 0.11 g/day, P < 0.0001, respectively). A multivariate analysis of structural and functional relationships revealed GFR depression to be most strongly correlated with the prevalence of global glomerular sclerosis (t = -4.073, P = 0.002). Those patients with the most severe glomerular dysfunction had a reduced number of glomerular visceral epithelial cells (podocytes) per glomerulus. The degree of podocytopenia was related to the extent of glomerular sclerosis and of impairment of permselectivity and GFR, with worsening injury below an apparent threshold podocyte number of about 250 cells per glomerulus. There were no corresponding correlations between these indices of injury and the number of mesangial and endothelial cells. Our findings show that podocyte loss is a concomitant of increasing disease severity in IgA nephropathy. This suggests that podocyte loss may either cause or contribute to the progressive proteinuria, glomerular sclerosis and filtration failure seen in this disorder.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Valquiria Bueno: Role: Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE

Journal ID (publisher-id): plos

Journal ID (pmc): plosone

Title: PLoS ONE

Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )

ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203

Publication date Collection: 2014

Publication date (Electronic): 10 June 2014

Volume: 9

Issue: 6

Electronic Location Identifier: e96932

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

[2 ]Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and cardiovascular disease, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

[3 ]Center for Chronic Kidney Disease and Peritoneal Dialysis, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan

[4 ]Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi, Osaka, Japan

[5 ]Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

UNIFESP Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil

Author notes

* E-mail: ymaeshim@ 123456md.okayama-u.ac.jp

Competing Interests: The authors have the following interests. Hikaru Sonoda is employed by Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi. Prof. Yohei Maeshima belongs to endowed department by Chugai pharmaceutical, MSD, Boehringer ingelheim and Kawanishi Holdings. Prof. Hitoshi Sugiyama belongs to endowed department by Baxter. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Conceived and designed the experiments: YM HM. Performed the experiments: NH DS HY KT TN HW HU MK H. Sugiyama. Analyzed the data: NH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: H. Sonoda YS. Wrote the paper: NH YM.

Article

Publisher ID: PONE-D-13-42400

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096932

PMC ID: 4051610

PubMed ID: 24915146

SO-VID: 5dd56566-c1f9-4881-acca-6a94551a9bae

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Date received : 16 October 2013

Date accepted : 11 April 2014

Page count

Pages: 13

Funding

A portion of this study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number (20590958, 23591193, YM) and the Cooperative Research Project Program of Joint Usage/Research Center at the Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University (2010–2013, YM). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Urinary and Plasma Levels of Vasohibin-1 Can Predict Renal Functional Deterioration in Patients with Renal Disorders

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Abstract

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PLOS Climate

Most cited references 47

Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease.

Increased renal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 in experimental diabetes.

Podocytopenia and disease severity in IgA nephropathy.

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