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      Predicting the Willingness to Engage in Non-Consensual Forwarding of Sexts: The Role of Pornography and Instrumental Notions of Sex

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          Abstract

          Although non-consensual forwarding of sexts (NCFS) is an important type of online sexual harassment behavior, the predictors of this behavior are currently understudied. The present study aimed to fill this gap by investigating online pornography use as a predictor of adolescents’ and emerging adults’ willingness to engage in NCFS in different contexts (i.e., forwarding a sexually explicit picture of a dating partner, relationship partner, friend, stranger or ex-partner). Based on previous literature on the role of pornography in the prediction of sexual harassment, we hypothesized that this relationship would depend on individuals’ prior endorsement of sexual stereotypical attitudes (i.e., instrumental attitudes toward sex). We further investigated whether this would differ for adolescent and young adult males and females. We used data from a two-wave short-term (2 months between waves) longitudinal survey among 1947 participants (aged 13–25 years). Results from cross-lagged autoregressive latent SEM models showed that pornography use significantly predicted a higher willingness to forward sexts from a stranger, but mostly among adolescent boys (aged 13–17) with high levels of instrumental attitudes toward sex.

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          The online version of this article (10.1007/s10508-019-01580-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references71

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          Teen girls, sexual double standards and 'sexting': Gendered value in digital image exchange

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            X-Rated: Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors Associated With U.S. Early Adolescents' Exposure to Sexually Explicit Media

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              Sexting prevalence and correlates: a systematic literature review.

              Despite considerable controversy and speculation regarding sexting behaviour and its associated risks, to date there has been no integration and analysis of empirical literature on this topic. To collect and synthesise findings of the prevalence of sexting, its correlates, and the context in which it occurs, a systematic search of databases was conducted. Thirty-one studies, reporting on sexting prevalence and a diverse range of related variables, met inclusion criteria. The estimated mean prevalence weighted by sample size was calculated, with trends indicating sexting is more prevalent amongst adults than adolescents, older age is predictive of sexting for adolescents but not adults, and more individuals report receiving sexts than sending them. The correlates of sexting behaviour were grouped in terms of demographic variables, sexual and sexual risk behaviours, attitudes towards sexting, perceived outcomes of sexting, motivations for sexting, mental health and well-being variables, and attachment dimensions. Findings are discussed in terms of the trends indicated by the data, which provided substantiation that sexting behaviour is associated with numerous behavioural, psychological, and social factors. Limitations of the current research literature and future directions are also presented.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                j.m.f.vanoosten@uva.nl
                Journal
                Arch Sex Behav
                Arch Sex Behav
                Archives of Sexual Behavior
                Springer US (New York )
                0004-0002
                1573-2800
                31 January 2020
                31 January 2020
                2020
                : 49
                : 4
                : 1121-1132
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.7177.6, ISNI 0000000084992262, The Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR), , University of Amsterdam, ; Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, Postbus 15791, 1001 NG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                [2 ]GRID grid.5596.f, ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7884, School for Mass Communication Research, , KU Leuven, ; Leuven, Belgium
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-1306
                Article
                1580
                10.1007/s10508-019-01580-2
                7145774
                32006206
                5defad78-f03d-4cdd-9b28-a92d80f0243a
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 6 July 2018
                : 13 July 2019
                : 31 October 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003246, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek;
                Categories
                Original Paper
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

                Sexual medicine
                sexting,pornography,instrumental attitudes,adolescence,emerging adults,online harassment

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