Monitoring European average temperature based on the E-OBS gridded data set

Verver, G.; van der Schrier, G.; van den Besselaar, E. J. M; Klein Tank, A. M. G.

doi:10.1002/jgrd.50444

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Monitoring European average temperature based on the E-OBS gridded data set : EUROPEAN TEMPERATURE

Author(s): G. van der Schrier , E. J. M van den Besselaar , A. M. G. Klein Tank , G. Verver

Publication date Created: June 16 2013

Publication date (Print): June 16 2013

Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

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A European daily high-resolution gridded data set of surface temperature and precipitation for 1950–2006

M. Haylock, N Hofstra, A. M. G. Klein Tank … (2008)

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Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850

P. Brohan, J. J. Kennedy, A. I. Harris … (2006)

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European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500.

Jürg Luterbacher, Daniel Dietrich, Elena Xoplaki … (2004)

Multiproxy reconstructions of monthly and seasonal surface temperature fields for Europe back to 1500 show that the late 20th- and early 21st-century European climate is very likely (>95% confidence level) warmer than that of any time during the past 500 years. This agrees with findings for the entire Northern Hemisphere. European winter average temperatures during the period 1500 to 1900 were reduced by approximately 0.5 degrees C (0.25 degrees C for annual mean temperatures) compared to the 20th century. Summer temperatures did not experience systematic century-scale cooling relative to present conditions. The coldest European winter was 1708/1709; 2003 was by far the hottest summer.