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      Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Fusarium scirpi and its potential as antimicrobial agent against uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilms

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          Abstract

          The ability of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to form biofilms, can be considered an important factor that contributes to the prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) due to the inaccessibility of the antibiotics into the highly complex structure of the biofilm. Moreover, with the appearance of antibiotic multiresistant UPEC strains, the alternatives of treatment of UTIs are less. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be useful in the treatment of the UPEC infections due to its physicochemical properties that confer them antibacterial activity against both planktonic and biofilm structured cells. A diversity of biological methods for synthesis of AgNPs with antimicrobial activity has been widely investigated during the last decades, between these methods; the fungal-biosynthesis of AgNPs highlights as an ecofriendly, scalable and low cost method. In this study, biogenic AgNPs were synthesized with extracellular metabolites secreted by the soil fungal strain Fusarium scirpi (Ag0.5–5) by an ecofriendly, simple and efficient method. The antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesized AgNPs against UPEC was evaluated. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of biogenic AgNPs over planktonic UPEC cells was 25 mg/mL, whereas a sub-MIC concentration (7.5 mg/L) was sufficient to inhibit the UPEC-biofilm formation about a 97%, or produce the disruption of an 80% of mature UPEC-biofilms demonstrating the potential of fungal-derived AgNPs to prevent UPEC infections.

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          Silver nanoparticles: A new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity.

          Silver nanoparticles are well known potent antimicrobial agents. Although significant progresses have been achieved on the elucidation of antimicrobial mechanism of silver nanoparticles, the exact mechanism of action is still not completely known. This overview incorporates a retrospective of previous reviews published and recent original contributions on the progress of research on antimicrobial mechanisms of silver nanoparticles. The main topics discussed include release of silver nanoparticles and silver ions, cell membrane damage, DNA interaction, free radical generation, bacterial resistance and the relationship of resistance to silver ions versus resistance to silver nanoparticles. The focus of the overview is to summarize the current knowledge in the field of antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. The possibility that pathogenic microbes may develop resistance to silver nanoparticles is also discussed.
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            Silver nanoparticles: partial oxidation and antibacterial activities.

            The physical and chemical properties of silver nanoparticles that are responsible for their antimicrobial activities have been studied with spherical silver nanoparticles (average diameter approximately 9 nm) synthesized by the borohydride reduction of Ag+ ions, in relation to their sensitivity to oxidation, activities towards silver-resistant bacteria, size-dependent activities, and dispersal in electrolytic solutions. Partially (surface) oxidized silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activities, but zero-valent nanoparticles do not. The levels of chemisorbed Ag+ that form on the particle's surface, as revealed by changes in the surface plasmon resonance absorption during oxidation and reduction, correlate well with the observed antibacterial activities. Silver nanoparticles, like Ag+ in the form of AgNO3 solution, are tolerated by the bacteria strains resistant to Ag+. The antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles are related to their size, with the smaller particles having higher activities on the basis of equivalent silver mass content. The silver nanoparticles aggregate in media with a high electrolyte content, resulting in a loss of antibacterial activities. However, complexation with albumin can stabilize the silver nanoparticles against aggregation, leading to a retention of the antibacterial activities. Taken together, the results show that the antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles are dependent on chemisorbed Ag+, which is readily formed owing to extreme sensitivity to oxygen. The antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles are dependent on optimally displayed oxidized surfaces, which are present in well-dispersed suspensions.
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              Synthesis and applications of silver nanoparticles

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Resources
                Role: InvestigationRole: Resources
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                12 March 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 3
                : e0230275
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Unidad Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco García Salinas”, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
                [2 ] Gerencia de Desarrollo de Materiales y Productos Químicos, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Ciudad de México, México
                [3 ] División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
                [4 ] Unidad Académica de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco García Salinas”, Zacatecas, México
                Institute of Materials Science, GERMANY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                [¤a]

                Current address: Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México

                [¤b]

                Current address: Área de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas “Francisco García Salinas”, Zacatecas, México

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-7691
                Article
                PONE-D-19-30547
                10.1371/journal.pone.0230275
                7067426
                32163495
                5e1dda17-5a85-464b-9863-7df179a657ef
                © 2020 Rodríguez-Serrano et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 2 November 2019
                : 25 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 11, Tables: 1, Pages: 20
                Funding
                Funded by: Fondo Mixto Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología - Gobierno del Estado de Zacatecas
                Award ID: FOMIX-ZAC-2013-C01-202597
                Award Recipient :
                This work received financial support for L.E.V. R. and scholarship for C.R.S. by Fondo Mixto del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología y Gobierno del Estado de Zacatecas (Grant CONACYT FOMIX-ZAC-2013-C01-202597). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Bacteriology
                Bacterial Biofilms
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Biofilms
                Bacterial Biofilms
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Fungal Pathogens
                Fusarium
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Fungal Pathogens
                Fusarium
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Mycology
                Fungal Pathogens
                Fusarium
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Chemical Elements
                Silver
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Biosynthesis
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Database and Informatics Methods
                Biological Databases
                Sequence Databases
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Database and Informatics Methods
                Bioinformatics
                Sequence Analysis
                Sequence Databases
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Mycology
                Fungal Structure
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Spectrum Analysis Techniques
                Infrared Spectroscopy
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Database and Informatics Methods
                Bioinformatics
                Sequence Analysis
                Sequence Alignment
                Custom metadata
                All data of gene sequence will be available at the NCBI Genebank database (Accesion number MN633390).

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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