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      Molecular Detection of Selected Pathogens with Zoonotic Potential in Deer Keds ( Lipoptena fortisetosa)

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          Abstract

          Deer keds are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of birds and mammals. Cervids serve as specific hosts for these insects. However, ked infestations have been observed in non-specific hosts, including humans, companion animals, and livestock. Lipoptena fortisetosa is a weakly studied ectoparasite, but there is evidence to indicate that it continues to spread across Europe. The existing knowledge on deer keds’ impact on wildlife is superficial, and their veterinary importance is enigmatic. Lipoptena fortisetosa is a species with vectorial capacity, but potential pathogen transmission has not been assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of selected pathogens in L. fortisetosa collected from cervids and host-seeking individuals in the environment. Out of 500 acquired samples, 307 (61.4%) had genetic material from at least one tested pathogen. Our research suggests that L. fortisetosa may be a potential vector of several pathogens, including A. phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., Borellia spp., Coxiella-like endosymbionts, Francisiella tularensis, Mycoplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., and Theileria spp.; however, further, more extensive investigations are required to confirm this. The results of the study indicate that keds can be used as biological markers for investigating the prevalence of vector-borne diseases in the population of free-ranging cervids.

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          BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT

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            Rickettsia Species Infecting Amblyomma cooperi Ticks from an Area in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, Where Brazilian Spotted Fever Is Endemic

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              Identification of an uncultivable Borrelia species in the hard tick Amblyomma americanum: possible agent of a Lyme disease-like illness.

              Bites from the hard tick Amblyomma americanum are associated with a Lyme disease-like illness in the southern United States. To identify possible etiologic agents for this disorder, A. americanum ticks were collected in Missouri, Texas, New Jersey, and New York and examined microscopically. Uncultivable spirochetes were present in approximately 2% of the ticks. Borrelia genus-specific oligonucleotides for the flagellin and 16S rRNA genes were used for amplification of DNA. Products were obtained from ticks containing spirochetes by microscopy but not from spirochete-negative ticks. Sequences of partial genes from spirochetes in Texas and New Jersey ticks differed by only 2 of 641 nucleotides for flagellin and 2 of 1336 nucleotides for 16S rRNA. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the spirochete was a Borrelia species distinct from previously characterized members of this genus, including Borrelia burgdorferi. Gene amplification could be used to detect these spirochetes in ticks and possible mammalian hosts.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Pathogens
                Pathogens
                pathogens
                Pathogens
                MDPI
                2076-0817
                10 March 2021
                March 2021
                : 10
                : 3
                : 324
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; bakta@ 123456uwm.edu.pl
                [2 ]Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; jerzyj@ 123456uwm.edu.pl
                [3 ]National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; eloizagalon@ 123456gmail.com (E.M.G.); gen@ 123456obihiro.ac.jp (X.X.)
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-3945
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-2840
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2411-8401
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2780-110X
                Article
                pathogens-10-00324
                10.3390/pathogens10030324
                7999563
                33801932
                5e2b14dd-c48a-46a9-a9a5-695c89ebc5b6
                © 2021 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 31 January 2021
                : 07 March 2021
                Categories
                Article

                deer keds,ectoparasite,hippoboscidae,louse flies,pcr,vector,infectious diseases,vector-borne diseases

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