For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
40
views
127
references
 Top references
cited by
217
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      1,153
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: not found
      • Article: not found

      Statin Toxicity : Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Implications

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 4
      Publication date Created:
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Circulation Research
      Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          There is now overwhelming evidence to support lowering LDL-c (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Statins are a class of drugs frequently prescribed to lower cholesterol. However, in spite of their wide-spread use, discontinuation and nonadherence remains a major gap in both the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The major reason for statin discontinuation is because of the development of statin-associated muscle symptoms, but a range of other statin-induced side effects also exist. Although the mechanisms behind these side effects have not been fully elucidated, there is an urgent need to identify those at increased risk of developing side effects as well as provide alternative treatment strategies. In this article, we review the mechanisms and clinical importance of statin toxicity and focus on the evaluation and management of statin-associated muscle symptoms.

          Related collections

          Most cited references127

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Relationship between adherence to evidence-based pharmacotherapy and long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction.

          Jeppe Rasmussen, Alice Chong, David Alter (2007)
          The extent to which drug adherence may affect survival remains unclear, in part because mortality differences may be attributable to "healthy adherer" behavioral attributes more so than to pharmacological benefits. To explore the relationship between drug adherence and mortality in survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Population-based, observational, longitudinal study of 31 455 elderly AMI survivors between 1999 and 2003 in Ontario. All patients filled a prescription for statins, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers, with the latter drug considered a control given the absence of clinical trial-proven survival benefits. Patient adherence was subdivided a priori into 3 categories--high (proportion of days covered, > or =80%), intermediate (proportion of days covered, 40%-79%), and low (proportion of days covered, <40%)--and compared with long-term mortality (median of 2.4 years of follow-up) using multivariable survival models (and propensity analyses) adjusted for sociodemographic factors, illness severity, comorbidities, and concomitant use of evidence-based therapies. Among statin users, compared with their high-adherence counterparts, the risk of mortality was greatest for low adherers (deaths in 261/1071 (24%) vs 2310/14,345 (16%); adjusted hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.42; P = .001) and was intermediary for intermediate adherers (deaths in 472/2407 (20%); adjusted hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.25; P = .03). A similar but less pronounced dose-response-type adherence-mortality association was observed for beta-blockers. Mortality was not associated with adherence to calcium channel blockers. Moreover, sensitivity analyses demonstrated no relationships between drug adherence and cancer-related admissions, outcomes for which biological plausibility do not exist. The long-term survival advantages associated with improved drug adherence after AMI appear to be class-specific, suggesting that adherence outcome benefits are mediated by drug effects and do not merely reflect an epiphenomenon of "healthy adherer" behavioral attributes.
          Article 0 comments Cited 244 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Mevalonate pathway: a review of clinical and therapeutical implications.

            Irina Buhaescu, Hassane Izzedine (2007)
            Mevalonate pathway is an important metabolic pathway which plays a key role in multiple cellular processes by synthesizing sterol isoprenoids, such as cholesterol, and non-sterol isoprenoids, such as dolichol, heme-A, isopentenyl tRNA and ubiquinone. While extensively studied in regard with cholesterol synthesis and its implications in cardiovascular diseases, in recent years the mevalonate pathway has become a challenging and, in the meantime, fascinating topic, when a large number of experimental and clinical studies suggested that inhibition of non-sterol isoprenoids might have valuable interest in human pathology. These molecules that are essential for cell growth and differentiation appear to be potential interesting therapeutic targets for many areas of ongoing research: oncology, autoimmune disorders, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer disease. Also, considerable progress has been made in the past decade in understanding the pathophysiology of two auto-inflammatory disorders resulting from an inherited deficiency of mevalonate kinase, the first committed enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. Here we present a brief description of the biochemistry of the mevalonate pathway, together with a review of the current knowledge of the clinical and therapeutical implications of this fascinating and complex metabolic pathway.
            Article 0 comments Cited 164 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found
              Is Open Access

              The role of the gut microbiome in the healthy adult status.

              Valeria D’Argenio, Francesco Salvatore (2015)
              The gut microbiome, which hosts up to 1000 bacterial species that encode about 5 million genes, perform many of the functions required for host physiology and survival. Consequently, it is also known as "our forgotten organ". The recent development of next-generation sequencing technologies has greatly improved metagenomic research. In particular, it has increased our knowledge about the microbiome and its mutually beneficial relationships with the human host. Microbial colonization begins immediately at birth. Although influenced by a variety of stimuli, namely, diet, physical activity, travel, illness, hormonal cycles and therapies, the microbiome is practically stable in healthy adults. This suggests that the microbiome plays a role in the maintenance of a healthy state in adulthood. Quantitative and qualitative alterations in the composition of the gut microbiome could lead to pathological dysbiosis, and have been related to an increasing number of intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. With the increase in knowledge about gut microbiome functions, it is becoming increasingly more possible to develop novel diagnostic, prognostic and, most important, therapeutic strategies based on microbiome manipulation.
              Article 0 comments Cited 153 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Circulation Research
                Abbreviated Title: Circ Res
                Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
                ISSN (Print): 0009-7330
                ISSN (Electronic): 1524-4571
                Publication date Created: January 18 2019
                Publication date (Print): January 18 2019
                Volume: 124
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 328-350
                Affiliations
                [1 ]From the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (N.C.W.)
                [2 ]School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (N.C.W., G.F.W.)
                [3 ]Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Australia (G.F.W.)
                [4 ]Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (R.H.E.).
                Article
                DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312782
                PubMed ID: 30653440
                SO-VID: 5e59f06a-6be5-4237-8f56-6ddcfdee31df
                Copyright © © 2019
                History

                Data availability:

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content1,153

                See all similar

                Cited by214

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors3,008

                See all reference authors