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      Validation of a Questionnaire that Surveys Confidence in Sports among Korean Competitive Athletes

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      Journal of Men's Health
      Dougmar Publishing Group, Inc.

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          Abstract

          Background and Objective: This study aimed to verify the validity of a questionnaire that surveys confidence in sports among athletes in combat sports. The questionnaire addresses the concepts of persistence, calmness, hesitation, and physical prime. Material and Methods: Purposeful sampling using non-probability sampling was conducted in 367 players participating in university- and business-level athletics in the Republic of Korea. The data were analyzed using a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, and a second confirmatory factor analysis with linear structural relations (LISREL) version 8.5. Concept reliability and average variance extracted (AVE) values were calculated using Excel 2010 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). Two-way (2×2) randomized group (RG) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using the SPSS 18.0 program (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: We proved that the sub-factors measured by the survey questions were relatively exact regarding self-confidence in combat-sport athletes. The questions relating to self-confidence in sports could be applied to both male and female athletes alike. The scores of the male athletes were higher than female athletes in factors such as fighting spirit, calmness, and performing under pressure. The scores of the national athletes were higher than those of the non-national athletes with respect to the body preparation factor. Conclusion: These results suggest that the competitive sports questionnaire developed in a previous study could be utilized without difficulty in a confidence-related study of competitive sports athletes. The questionnaire is particularly effective in evaluating the confidence level of athletes.

          Most cited references7

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          Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.

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            Towards an Understanding of Mental Toughness in Elite English Cricketers

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              Perceived control of anxiety and its relationship to self-confidence and performance.

              This study examined performers' retrospective explanations of the relationship between anxiety symptoms, self-confidence, and performance. Interviews were used to determine how the presence of symptoms and the accompanying directional interpretation affected performance in six elite and six subelite swimmers. Causal networks revealed that perceived control was the moderatingfactor in the directional interpretation of anxiety and not the experience of anxiety symptoms alone. Symptoms perceived to be under control were interpreted to have facilitative consequences for performance; however, symptoms not under control were viewed as debilitative. Increases or decreases in self-confidence wereperceived to improve or lower performance. Findings reveal how cognitive and somatic information was processed, what strategies were adopted, and how this series of events related to performance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Men's Health
                J Men's Health
                Dougmar Publishing Group, Inc.
                1875-6859
                February 22 2018
                April 24 2018
                : 14
                : 2
                : e30-e41
                Article
                10.22374/1875-6859.14.2.5
                5e9680bc-110e-4bb0-85ba-1f5ef4bdf29a
                © 2018

                Copyright of articles published in all DPG titles is retained by the author. The author grants DPG the rights to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. The author grants DPG exclusive commercial rights to the article. The author grants any non-commercial third party the rights to use the article freely provided original author(s) and citation details are cited. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

                History

                Geriatric medicine,Urology,Sports medicine,Sexual medicine
                Geriatric medicine, Urology, Sports medicine, Sexual medicine

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