Hemangioma of the buccal fat pad

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Abstract

Hemangiomas are benign vascular neoplasms characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels. Buccal fat pad (BFP) is a rare place for hemangioma. In this report, clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings are described in a rare case of hemangioma with phleboliths involving the BFP, and a review is made of the international literature on this subject.

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Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics.

J Mulliken, J Glowacki (1982)

Forty-nine specimens from a variety of vascular lesions were analyzed for cellular characteristics. Two major categories of lesions emerged from this investigation: hemangiomas and vascular malformations. This classification and its implications are justified by several considerations. Hemangiomas in the proliferating phase (n = 14) were distinguished by (1) endothelial hyperplasia with incorporation of [3H]thymidine, (2) multilaminated basement membrane formation beneath the endothelium, and (3) clinical history of rapid growth during early infancy. Hemangiomas in the involuting phase (n = 12) exhibited (1) histologic fibrosis and fat deposition, (2) low to absent [3H]thymidine labeling of endothelial cells, and (3) rapid growth and subsequent regression. The endothelium in hemangiomas had many characteristics of differentiation: Weibel-Palade bodies, alkaline phosphatase, and factor VIII production. Vascular malformations (n = 23) demonstrated no tritiated thymidine incorporation and normal ultrastructural characteristics. These lesions were usually noted at birth, grew proportionately with the child, and consisted of abnormal, often combined, capillary, arterial, venous, and lymphatic vascular elements. This cell-oriented analysis provides a simple yet comprehensive classification of vascular lesions of infancy and childhood and serves as a guide for diagnosis, management, and further research.

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Hemangiomas and vascular malformations of infancy and childhood.

J Mulliken, Robert Fishman (1993)

The vast majority of vascular anomalies of infancy and childhood can be biologically classified as hemangioma or vascular malformation. Hemangiomas are benign neoplasms that proliferate rapidly in infancy only to involute in early childhood. The majority of hemangiomas do not need treatment. Pharmacologic therapy, with corticosteroids or interferon-alpha-2a, is indicated for lesions that threaten vital function or are grossly deforming. Vascular malformations are not tumors, but rather vessel abnormalities due to errors of vascular morphogenesis. They derive from embryonal capillary, venous, arterial, or lymphatic channels, or combinations thereof. The appearance, clinical behavior, and therapy differ based on their channel types. All too often, unfortunately, children with vascular anomalies are shuffled from physician-to-physician because a single practitioner, even a specialist, does not have sufficient knowledge to properly treat the vascular lesion. The authors recommend that every major referral center have a multidisciplinary "Vascular Anomalies Team." We also endorse a biologic classification of vascular lesions to facilitate interspecialty communication regarding diagnosis, natural history, and therapy.

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Current concepts in the classification, diagnosis and treatment of hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck.

B Folz, J. S. Werner, R Rochels … (2001)

There are many different classifications of vascular anomalies. As the correct classification of the vascular lesion has a direct influence on therapy it is difficult to decide which treatment should be considered as the treatment of choice. Based on an extensive review of the literature and personal experience of the treatment of more than 200 patients with hemangiomas or vascular malformations of the head and neck, a clinical classification is described that allows vascular lesions to be categorized in order to plan purposeful treatment. In general, hemangiomas represent the main group of vascular lesions in infancy and childhood. They are usually apparent a few weeks after birth and are characterized by an initially rapid growth of epithelial cells, followed by spontaneous involution. Hemangiomas should be differentiated from vascular malformations that are present at birth but may not be evident clinically. Spontaneous involution of vascular malformations has never been reported, whereas laser therapy can induce involution of hemangiomas at an early stage in a majority of cases. In certain situations steroids or surgical removal may seem to be the appropriate therapy of choice. In contrast, vascular malformations have to be treated according to their histopathology and location, as well as their hemodynamic features as shown radiographically with angiography. The accurate diagnosis of vascular anomalies is essential for further treatment, as shown by clinical experience at the University of Marburg.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Contemp Clin Dent

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Contemp Clin Dent

Journal ID (publisher-id): CCD

Title: Contemporary Clinical Dentistry

Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )

ISSN (Print): 0976-237X

ISSN (Electronic): 0976-2361

Publication date (Print): Apr-Jun 2014

Volume: 5

Issue: 2

Pages: 243-246

Affiliations

[1] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tehran Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

[1 ] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[2 ] Private Practice in Dentistry, Azad University, Tehran, Iran

[3 ] Young Researchers Club, Tehran Dental Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Author notes

Correspondence: Dr. Sarang Saadat, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shari’ati Hospital, Kargar Avenue, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: ss_saadat@ 123456yahoo.com

Article

Publisher ID: CCD-5-243

DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.132368

PMC ID: 4067793

PubMed ID: 24963256

SO-VID: 5eadb806-3908-4932-943b-f9098f30b08c

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Hemangioma of the buccal fat pad

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Most cited references 21

Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics.

Hemangiomas and vascular malformations of infancy and childhood.

Current concepts in the classification, diagnosis and treatment of hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck.

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