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      GiardiaDB and TrichDB: integrated genomic resources for the eukaryotic protist pathogens Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis

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          Abstract

          GiardiaDB ( http://GiardiaDB.org) and TrichDB ( http://TrichDB.org) house the genome databases for Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis, respectively, and represent the latest additions to the EuPathDB ( http://EuPathDB.org) family of functional genomic databases. GiardiaDB and TrichDB employ the same framework as other EuPathDB sites (CryptoDB, PlasmoDB and ToxoDB), supporting fully integrated and searchable databases. Genomic-scale data available via these resources may be queried based on BLAST searches, annotation keywords and gene ID searches, GO terms, sequence motifs and other protein characteristics. Functional queries may also be formulated, based on transcript and protein expression data from a variety of platforms. Phylogenetic relationships may also be interrogated. The ability to combine the results from independent queries, and to store queries and query results for future use facilitates complex, genome-wide mining of functional genomic data.

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          Most cited references13

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          MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees.

          The program MRBAYES performs Bayesian inference of phylogeny using a variant of Markov chain Monte Carlo. MRBAYES, including the source code, documentation, sample data files, and an executable, is available at http://brahms.biology.rochester.edu/software.html.
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            Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis.

            We describe the genome sequence of the protist Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted human pathogen. Repeats and transposable elements comprise about two-thirds of the approximately 160-megabase genome, reflecting a recent massive expansion of genetic material. This expansion, in conjunction with the shaping of metabolic pathways that likely transpired through lateral gene transfer from bacteria, and amplification of specific gene families implicated in pathogenesis and phagocytosis of host proteins may exemplify adaptations of the parasite during its transition to a urogenital environment. The genome sequence predicts previously unknown functions for the hydrogenosome, which support a common evolutionary origin of this unusual organelle with mitochondria.
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              Genomic minimalism in the early diverging intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia.

              The genome of the eukaryotic protist Giardia lamblia, an important human intestinal parasite, is compact in structure and content, contains few introns or mitochondrial relics, and has simplified machinery for DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, and most metabolic pathways. Protein kinases comprise the single largest protein class and reflect Giardia's requirement for a complex signal transduction network for coordinating differentiation. Lateral gene transfer from bacterial and archaeal donors has shaped Giardia's genome, and previously unknown gene families, for example, cysteine-rich structural proteins, have been discovered. Unexpectedly, the genome shows little evidence of heterozygosity, supporting recent speculations that this organism is sexual. This genome sequence will not only be valuable for investigating the evolution of eukaryotes, but will also be applied to the search for new therapeutics for this parasite.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nucleic Acids Res
                Nucleic Acids Res
                nar
                nar
                Nucleic Acids Research
                Oxford University Press
                0305-1048
                1362-4962
                January 2009
                January 2009
                29 September 2008
                29 September 2008
                : 37
                : Database issue , Database issue
                : D526-D530
                Affiliations
                1Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, 2Penn Center for Bioinformatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, 3Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10010, 4Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, 5School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, 6Department of Genetics, 7Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, 8Josephine Bay Paul Center [for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution], Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 and 9Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 215 746 7019; Fax: +1 215 573 3111; Email: oharb@ 123456pcbi.upenn.edu
                Correspondence may also be addressed to Brian P. Brunk. Tel: +1 215 573 3118; Fax: +1 215 573 3111; Email: brunkb@ 123456pcbi.upenn.edu ; Jessica C. Kissinger. Tel: +1 706 542 6562; Fax: +1 706 542 3582; Email: jkissing@ 123456uga.edu ; David S. Roos. Tel: +1 215 898 2118; Fax: +1 215 746 6697; Email: droos@ 123456sas.upenn.edu ; Christian J. Stoeckert. Tel: +1 215 573 4409; Fax: +1 215 573 3111; Email: stoeckrt@ 123456pcbi.upenn.edu
                Article
                gkn631
                10.1093/nar/gkn631
                2686445
                18824479
                5eba5345-941e-4826-a6d4-b9d3eb41fe9b
                © 2008 The Author(s)

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 15 August 2008
                : 14 September 2008
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                Genetics
                Genetics

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