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      Immunostimulatory Effects of Polysaccharides Isolated from Makgeolli (Traditional Korean Rice Wine)

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          Abstract

          Makgeolli is a traditional Korean rice wine, reported to have various biological functions. In this study, the immunostimulatory activity of a polysaccharide from makgeolli (PSM) was investigated. The polysaccharide fraction was isolated from makgeolli by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, dialysis, and lyophilization. The major constituents in PSM were neutral sugars (87.3%). PSM was composed of five different sugars, glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose. In normal mice, PSM treatment increased the spleen index ( p < 0.05) as well as splenocyte proliferation ( p < 0.05) in combination with concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide. The immunostimulatory activities of PSM were also examined in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Mice treated with PSM exhibited increased splenocyte proliferation ( p < 0.05), natural killer cell activity, and white blood cell counts ( p < 0.01) compared with immunosuppressed mice. These results indicate that PSM can enhance immune function in normal mice and CY-induced immunosuppressed mice.

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          Immunoregulatory actions of polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine.

          Ming-Hua Jiang, Liang Bo Zhu, Jian-Guo Jiang (2010)
          Polysaccharides, one of main classes of bioactive substances from Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), have been indicated to have wide pharmacological activities, especially broad immunomodulatory and antitumour effects. However, their immunoregulatory mechanisms are still not fully understood yet. Polysaccharides from CHM (CHMPS) are reviewed with focus on their immunoregulatory function, describing their immunoregulatory actions on immune organs, immune cells and immune molecules, and discussing their effects on cell surface receptors and cell signaling pathways. A better understanding of the immunoregulatory effects of CHMPS and their structure-function relationship. CHMPS can active or regulate the immune system including innate and adaptive responses, and have profound effects on different diseases. Through examining the molecular mechanisms of the immunomodulating effects of CHMPS, it can be shown that CHMPS have the potential to be an adjuvant in cancer therapies.
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            A polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme protects against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice.

            Xiaoming Chen, Wenjian Nie, Sairong Fan … (2012)
            A water-soluble polysaccharide (SFPS) isolated from Sargassum fusiforme was purified by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of SFPS was 299 kDa. The SFPS was composed of D-fucose, L-xylose, D-mannose and D-galactose in a molar ratio of 5.9:1.0:2.3:2.2. The results showed that SFPS stimulated proliferation and the cytokines (IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ) secretion of splenic lymphocytes in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. SFPS markedly increased the phagocytic rates and cytokines (IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α) secretion of peritoneal macrophages. Administration of SFPS significantly raised spleen index. It could act as an efficacious adjacent immunopotentiating therapy or an alternative means in lessening chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and also can be utilized as immunostimulants for food and pharmaceutical industries. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              The Pectic Polysaccharides of Primary Cell Walls

              MALCOLM O'NEILL, PETER ALBERSHEIM, ALAN DARVILL (1990)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 April 2014
                Publication date Collection: April 2014
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 5266-5277
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Convergence Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea; E-Mails: cwcho@ 123456kfri.re.kr (C.-W.C.); ykrhee@ 123456kfri.re.k (Y.K.R.); yclee@ 123456kfri.re.kr (Y.-C.L.)
                [2 ]Department of Preventive Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China; E-Mail: hanchji@ 123456hotmail.com
                [3 ]Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Korea; E-Mail: ksshin@ 123456kyonggi.ac.kr
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: honghd@ 123456kfri.re.kr ; Tel.: +82-31-780-9285; Fax: +82-31-709-9876.
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-19-05266
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045266
                PMC ID: 6270746
                PubMed ID: 24762965
                SO-VID: 5ebc1d4a-97ca-400d-87e3-dcde5ca825ad
                Copyright © © 2014 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 19 February 2014
                Date revision received : 25 March 2014
                Date accepted : 18 April 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: makgeolli,polysaccharides,immunostimulatory activity,immunosuppression
                Data availability:
                Keywords: makgeolli, polysaccharides, immunostimulatory activity, immunosuppression

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