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      Maturation of the long-latency auditory ERP: step function changes at start and end of adolescence

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          Abstract

          The auditory event-related potential (ERP) is obtained by averaging electrical impulses recorded from the scalp in response to repeated stimuli. Previous work has shown large differences between children, adolescents and adults in the late auditory ERP, raising the possibility that analysis of waveform shape might be useful as an index of brain maturity. We reanalysed auditory ERPs from samples previously described by Albrecht, von Suchodoletz and Uwer (2000) and Uwer, Albrecht and von Suchodoletz (2002), using the intraclass correlation (ICC) as a global measure of similarity of an individual's waveform to a grand average comparison waveform for each age band. Three developmental periods were clearly distinguished: 5 to 12 years, 13 to 16 years, and adulthood. However, within each of these periods, there was no evidence of any developmental progression with age.

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          Maturation of human central auditory system activity: separating auditory evoked potentials by dipole source modeling.

          Curtis Ponton, Jos Eggermont, Deepak Khosla … (2002)
          Previous studies have shown that observed patterns of auditory evoked potential (AEP) maturation depend on the scalp location of the recording electrodes. Dipole source modeling incorporates the AEP information recorded at all electrode locations. This should provide a more robust description of auditory system maturation based on age-related changes in AEPs. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate central auditory system maturation based dipole modeling of multi-electrode long-latency AEPs recordings. AEPs were recorded at 30 scalp-electrode locations from 118 subjects between 5 and 20 years of age. Regional dipole source analysis, using symmetrically located sources, was used to generate a spatio-temporal source model of age-related changes in AEP latency and magnitude. The regional dipole source model separated the AEPs into distinct groups depending on the orientation of the component dipoles. The sagittally oriented dipole sources contained two AEP peaks, comparable in latency to Pa and Pb of the middle latency response (MLR). Although some magnitude changes were noted, latencies of Pa and Pb showed no evidence of age-related change. The tangentially oriented sources contained activity comparable to P1, N1b, and P2. There were various age-related changes in the latency and magnitude of the AEPs represented in the tangential sources. The radially oriented sources contained activity comparable to the T-complex, including Ta, and Tb, that showed only small latency changes with age. In addition, a long-latency component labeled TP200 was observed. It is possible to distinguish 3 maturation groups: one group reaching maturity at age 6 and comprising the MLR components Pa and Pb, P2, and the T-complex. A second group that was relatively fast to mature (50%/year) was represented by N2. A third group was characterized by a slower pattern of maturation with a rate of 11-17%/year and included the AEP peaks P1, N1b, and TP200. The observed latency differences combined with the differences in maturation rate indicate that P2 is not identical to TP200. The results also demonstrated the independence of the T-complex components, represented in the radial dipoles, from the P1, N1b, and P2 components, contained in the tangentially oriented dipole sources.
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            Maturation of cortical sound processing as indexed by event-related potentials.

            Rita Čeponien≐, Teemu Rinne, Risto Näätänen (2002)
            Children's auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) are dominated by the P1 and N2 peaks, while the N1 wave emerges between 3 and 4 years of age. The neural substrates and the behavioral correlates of the protracted N1 maturation, as well as of the 10-year long predominance of the N2 are unclear. The present study utilized high-resolution electroencephalography to study the maturation of auditory ERPs from age 4 to adulthood and to compare the sources of the N1 and the N2 peaks in 9-year-old children and adults. Three partial harmonic tones were delivered with short (700 ms) and long (mean of 5s) stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), with only 700 ms SOA used with 4-year-olds. With a short SOA, 4- and 9-year-old children displayed P1 and N2 peaks, whereas adults showed P1, N1, P2, and N2 waves. With a long SOA, 9-year-olds also displayed an N1 peak, which was frontal in scalp distribution to that in adults who showed P1, N1, and P2 peaks. After filtering out the slow N2 activity, the N1 wave was also revealed in the short-SOA data in 9-year-old but not in 4-year-old children. In adults and in 9-year-olds, the neural sources of the N2 and N1 mapped onto the superior aspects of the temporal lobes, the sources of the N2 being anterior to those of the N1. The results indicated that children's N1 is composed of differently weighted components as that in adults, and that in both children and adults the N1 and N2 are generated by anatomically distinct generators. A protracted ontogeny of the N1 could be linked with that of auditory sensitivity and orienting, whereas the P1 and N2 peaks are suggested to reflect auditory sensory processes.
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              Maturation of CAEP in infants and children: a review.

              Eugene Cone, J Wunderlich (2006)
              This paper reviews our current understanding of the development of the obligatory cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) components P1, N1, P2, and N2. Firstly, the adult CAEP is briefly reviewed with respect to its morphology, neural generators and stimulus-dependence. Secondly, age-related changes occurring from the newborn period through childhood and adolescence are reviewed. The focus is on the maturation of CAEP morphology, changes in the scalp topography of the various components, changes in their amplitude and latency and in their stimulus-dependence. This review identifies periods of development in which we have only limited understanding of cortical auditory processing, as revealed by evoked potentials.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dev Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): desc
                Title: Developmental Science
                Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
                ISSN (Print): 1363-755X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1467-7687
                Publication date (Print): September 2007
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 565-575
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford UK
                [2 ]Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Munich Germany
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dorothy V.M. Bishop, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK; e-mail: dorothy.bishop@ 123456psy.ox.ac.uk

                Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

                Article
                DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00619.x
                PMC ID: 2121131
                PubMed ID: 17683343
                SO-VID: 5ef0268a-649a-417b-8341-d16b910a9551
                Copyright © © 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
                History
                Date received : 02 June 2006
                Date accepted : 13 September 2006
                Categories
                Subject: Reports

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Developmental biology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Developmental biology

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