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      The time variation of dose rate artificially increased by the Fukushima nuclear crisis

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          Abstract

          A car-borne survey for dose rate in air was carried out in March and April 2011 along an expressway passing northwest of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station which released radionuclides starting after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, and in an area closer to the Fukushima NPS which is known to have been strongly affected. Dose rates along the expressway, i.e. relatively far from the power station were higher after than before March 11, in some places by several orders of magnitude, implying that there were some additional releases from Fukushima NPS. The maximum dose rate in air within the high level contamination area was 36 μGy h −1, and the estimated maximum cumulative external dose for evacuees who came from Namie Town to evacuation sites (e.g. Fukushima, Koriyama and Nihonmatsu Cities) was 68 mSv. The evacuation is justified from the viewpoint of radiation protection.

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          Coseismic and postseismic slip of the 2011 magnitude-9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake.

          Shinzaburo Ozawa, Takuya Nishimura, Hisashi Suito … (2011)
          Most large earthquakes occur along an oceanic trench, where an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate. Massive earthquakes with a moment magnitude, M(w), of nine have been known to occur in only a few areas, including Chile, Alaska, Kamchatka and Sumatra. No historical records exist of a M(w) = 9 earthquake along the Japan trench, where the Pacific plate subducts beneath the Okhotsk plate, with the possible exception of the ad 869 Jogan earthquake, the magnitude of which has not been well constrained. However, the strain accumulation rate estimated there from recent geodetic observations is much higher than the average strain rate released in previous interplate earthquakes. This finding raises the question of how such areas release the accumulated strain. A megathrust earthquake with M(w) = 9.0 (hereafter referred to as the Tohoku-Oki earthquake) occurred on 11 March 2011, rupturing the plate boundary off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. Here we report the distributions of the coseismic slip and postseismic slip as determined from ground displacement detected using a network based on the Global Positioning System. The coseismic slip area extends approximately 400 km along the Japan trench, matching the area of the pre-seismic locked zone. The afterslip has begun to overlap the coseismic slip area and extends into the surrounding region. In particular, the afterslip area reached a depth of approximately 100 km, with M(w) = 8.3, on 25 March 2011. Because the Tohoku-Oki earthquake released the strain accumulated for several hundred years, the paradox of the strain budget imbalance may be partly resolved. This earthquake reminds us of the potential for M(w) ≈ 9 earthquakes to occur along other trench systems, even if no past evidence of such events exists. Therefore, it is imperative that strain accumulation be monitored using a space geodetic technique to assess earthquake potential.
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            Elevated radioxenon detected remotely following the Fukushima nuclear accident.

            D. Strom, H S Miley, P Eslinger … (2011)
            We report on the first measurements of short-lived gaseous fission products detected outside of Japan following the Fukushima nuclear releases, which occurred after a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011. The measurements were conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), (46°16'47″N, 119°16'53″W) located more than 7000 km from the emission point in Fukushima Japan (37°25'17″N, 141°1'57″E). First detections of (133)Xe were made starting early March 16, only four days following the earthquake. Maximum concentrations of (133)Xe were in excess of 40 Bq/m(3), which is more than ×40,000 the average concentration of this isotope is this part of the United States. 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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              Radioiodine and radiocesium in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece due to the Fukushima nuclear accident.

              Heraklidia Ioannidou, E Vagena, C Papastefanou … (2011)
              Radioiodine ((131)I) in air and rainwater as high as 497 μBq m(-3) and 0.7 Bq L(-1), respectively, as well as (137)Cs and (134)Cs in air as high as 145 μBq m(-3) and 126 μBq m(-3), respectively were recorded in Thessaloniki, Northern Greece (40°38'N, 22°58'E) from March 24, 2011 through April 09, 2011, after a nuclear accident occurred at Fukushima, Japan (37°45'N, 140°28'E) on March 11, 2011. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 07 September 2011
                Publication date Collection: 2011
                Volume: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 87
                Affiliations
                [1 ]simpleHirosaki University, Graduate School of Health Sciences , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
                [2 ]simpleHirosaki University, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine , 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
                [3 ]simpleKagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: srep00087
                DOI: 10.1038/srep00087
                PMC ID: 3216573
                PubMed ID: 22355606
                SO-VID: 5f2a0ad1-bd03-4eb7-88e2-064d37a536c0
                Copyright © Copyright © 2011, Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareALike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

                History
                Date received : 27 June 2011
                Date accepted : 22 August 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Article

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