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      Assessment of patient knowledge of diabetic goals, self-reported medication adherence, and goal attainment

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Medication adherence is an integral aspect of disease state management for patients with chronic illnesses, including diabetes mellitus. It has been hypothesized that patients with diabetes who have poor medication adherence may have less knowledge of overall therapeutic goals and may be less likely to attain these goals.

          Objective:

          The purpose of this study was to assess self-reported medication adherence, knowledge of therapeutic goals (hemoglobin A1C [A1C], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] and blood pressure [BP]), and goal attainment in adult patients with diabetes.

          Methods:

          A survey was created to assess medication adherence, knowledge of therapeutic goals, and goal attainment for adult patients with diabetes followed at an internal medicine or a family medicine clinic. Surveys were self-administered prior to office visits. Additional data were collected from the electronic medical record. Statistical analysis was performed.

          Results:

          A total of 149 patients were enrolled. Knowledge of therapeutic goals was reported by 14%, 34%, and 18% of survived patients for LDL-C, BP, and A1C, respectively. Forty-six percent, 37%, and 40% of patients achieved LDL-C, BP, and A1C goals, respectively. Low prescribing of cholesterol-lowering medications was an interesting secondary finding; 36% of patients not at LDL-C goal had not been prescribed a medication targeted to lower cholesterol. Forty-eight percent of patients were medication non-adherent; most frequently reported reasons for non-adherence were forgot (34%) and too expensive (14%). Patients at A1C goal were more adherent than patients not at goal (p=0.025).

          Conclusion:

          The majority did not reach goals and were unknowledgeable of goals; however, most were provided prescriptions to treat these parameters. Goal parameters should be revisited often amongst multidisciplinary team members with frequent and open communications. Additionally, it is imperative that practitioners discuss the importance of medication adherence with every patient at every visit.

          RESUMEN

          Antecedentes:

          La adherencia al tratamiento es un aspecto integral de la gestión de la enfermedad para pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, como la diabetes mellitus. Se ha sugerido que los pacientes con diabetes que tienen baja adherencia a la medicación pueden tener peor conocimiento de los objetivos terapéuticos generales y puede ser menos probable que los alcancen.

          Objetivo:

          El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la adherencia auto-comunicada a la medicación, el conocimiento de los objetivos terapéuticos (hemoglobina A1C [A1C], lipoproteinas de baja densidad [LDL-C] y presión arterial), y la consecución de objetivos en adultos con diabetes.

          Métodos:

          Se creó un cuestionario para evaluar la adherencia a la medicación, el conocimiento de objetivos terapéuticos, y la consecución de objetivos para adultos con diabetes seguidos en un departamento de medicina interna o de medicina de familia. Los cuestionarios se entregaron antes de la visita a la clínica. Se recogieron datos adicionales de las historias clínicas electrónicas. Se realizó un análisis estadístico.

          Resultados:

          Se incluyó un total de 140 pacientes. El conocimiento de los objetivos terapéuticos fue comunicado por el 14%, 34% y 18% de los pacientes encuestados para LDL-C, PA y A1C, respectivamente. El 46%, el 37% y el 40% de los pacientes alcanzó los objetivos de LDL-C, PA, y A1C, respectivamente. La baja prescripción de hipolipemiantes fue un hallazgo secundario interesante; el 36% de los pacientes no tenían prescrito un medicamento para bajar el colesterol. El 48% de los pacientes eran incumplidores; los motivos más frecuentemente comunicados para incumplir fueron el olvido (34%) y demasiado caro (14%). Los pacientes en el objetivo de A1C eran más cumplidores que los que no estaban en el objetivo (p=0,025).

          Conclusión

          La mayoría no alcanza los objetivos y eran desconocedores de los objetivos; sin embargo, a la mayoría e les habían proporcionado medicamentos para tratar esos parámetros. Los parámetros objetivos deberían revisarse más a menudo entre los miembros del equipo multidisciplinario con comunicaciones abiertas y frecuentes. Además, es necesario que los facultativos discutan la importancia del cumplimiento de la medicación con capa paciente en cada visita.

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          Most cited references54

          • Record: found
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          The Effect of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes on the Development and Progression of Long-Term Complications in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

          Long-term microvascular and neurologic complications cause major morbidity and mortality in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We examined whether intensive treatment with the goal of maintaining blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range could decrease the frequency and severity of these complications. A total of 1441 patients with IDDM--726 with no retinopathy at base line (the primary-prevention cohort) and 715 with mild retinopathy (the secondary-intervention cohort) were randomly assigned to intensive therapy administered either with an external insulin pump or by three or more daily insulin injections and guided by frequent blood glucose monitoring or to conventional therapy with one or two daily insulin injections. The patients were followed for a mean of 6.5 years, and the appearance and progression of retinopathy and other complications were assessed regularly. In the primary-prevention cohort, intensive therapy reduced the adjusted mean risk for the development of retinopathy by 76 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 62 to 85 percent), as compared with conventional therapy. In the secondary-intervention cohort, intensive therapy slowed the progression of retinopathy by 54 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 39 to 66 percent) and reduced the development of proliferative or severe nonproliferative retinopathy by 47 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 14 to 67 percent). In the two cohorts combined, intensive therapy reduced the occurrence of microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion of > or = 40 mg per 24 hours) by 39 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 21 to 52 percent), that of albuminuria (urinary albumin excretion of > or = 300 mg per 24 hours) by 54 percent (95 percent confidence interval 19 to 74 percent), and that of clinical neuropathy by 60 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 38 to 74 percent). The chief adverse event associated with intensive therapy was a two-to-threefold increase in severe hypoglycemia. Intensive therapy effectively delays the onset and slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in patients with IDDM.
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            Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.

            The National High Blood Pressure Education Program presents the complete Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Like its predecessors, the purpose is to provide an evidence-based approach to the prevention and management of hypertension. The key messages of this report are these: in those older than age 50, systolic blood pressure (BP) of greater than 140 mm Hg is a more important cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor than diastolic BP; beginning at 115/75 mm Hg, CVD risk doubles for each increment of 20/10 mm Hg; those who are normotensive at 55 years of age will have a 90% lifetime risk of developing hypertension; prehypertensive individuals (systolic BP 120-139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80-89 mm Hg) require health-promoting lifestyle modifications to prevent the progressive rise in blood pressure and CVD; for uncomplicated hypertension, thiazide diuretic should be used in drug treatment for most, either alone or combined with drugs from other classes; this report delineates specific high-risk conditions that are compelling indications for the use of other antihypertensive drug classes (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers); two or more antihypertensive medications will be required to achieve goal BP (<140/90 mm Hg, or <130/80 mm Hg) for patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease; for patients whose BP is more than 20 mm Hg above the systolic BP goal or more than 10 mm Hg above the diastolic BP goal, initiation of therapy using two agents, one of which usually will be a thiazide diuretic, should be considered; regardless of therapy or care, hypertension will be controlled only if patients are motivated to stay on their treatment plan. Positive experiences, trust in the clinician, and empathy improve patient motivation and satisfaction. This report serves as a guide, and the committee continues to recognize that the responsible physician's judgment remains paramount.
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              Adherence to Medication

              New England Journal of Medicine, 353(5), 487-497
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Pharm Pract (Granada)
                Pharm Pract (Granada)
                Pharmacy Practice
                Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas
                1885-642X
                1886-3655
                Oct-Dec 2006
                12 December 2006
                : 4
                : 4
                : 183
                Affiliations
                Department of Pharmacy Practice, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy and Department of Community and Rural Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (USA)
                Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy . South Carolina (USA)
                Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy . South Carolina (USA)
                Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy . South Carolina (USA)
                Article
                pharmpract-4-183
                10.4321/s1885-642x2006000400006
                5426583
                28603577
                5f332fb3-52dd-4473-92c9-0f2acbe28183
                Copyright: © Pharmacy Practice

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Original Research

                patient compliance,diabetes mellitus,comprehension,treatment outcome,united states,cumplimento,comprensión,resultados del tratamiento,estados unidos

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