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      Análisis de la cobertura vacunal frente a tétanos en adolescentes: evolución y situación actual en Extremadura (España) Translated title: Analysis of tetanus vaccination coverage in adolescents: evolution and current state in Extremadura

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          Abstract

          Introducción: el tétanos es una enfermedad aguda grave cuyo tratamiento es difícil y, por tanto, es fundamental su prevención. La administración de cinco dosis de vacuna antitetánica es suficiente para conferir una protección a largo plazo. En los últimos años se ha observado cierta disminución en las coberturas, lo que supone la existencia de población no suficientemente inmunizada. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la cobertura vacunal de la dosis de recuerdo frente al tétanos en adolescentes en la localidad de Santa Amalia, provincia de Badajoz (España), durante los últimos 20 años (1996-2016). Material y métodos: estudio observacional transversal. Se revisaron las tarjetas de vacunación y los registros de las dosis administradas en los documentos manuscritos y registro informático en el entorno JARA Atención Sanitaria (JARA-AS). Entre 1996 y 2001, la vacunación se hacía en el centro escolar, con registro manual. Desde 2002, se administró la vacuna en el centro de salud, con registro manual (2002-2007) e informático (2008-2016). Resultados: analizada la cobertura de forma agrupada, los peores resultados de vacunación se apreciaron en centro de salud utilizando registro manual (35,6%), mientras que las mejores cifras de vacunación se encontraron en centro de salud con registro informático (100%), seguido por el grupo de centro escolar (83,0%). Conclusiones: este estudio pone de manifiesto una alta cobertura de vacunación frente a tétanos en la dosis de recuerdo en adolescentes de 14 años en Santa Amalia, similar a la cobertura nacional, a diferencia de la baja cobertura existente en el resto de Extremadura.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: tetanus is a severe acute disease that is difficult to treat, and therefore its prevention is essential. The administration of 5 doses of tetanus vaccine suffices to confer long-term protection. In recent years, there has been evidence of a decrease in vaccination coverage, which entails that immunization in the population is insufficient. The aim of this study was to analyse the vaccination coverage rate for the booster dose of tetanus vaccine in adolescents residing in the town of Santa Amalia in the province of Badajoz (Spain) in the past 20 years (1996-2016). Materials and methods: the study had a cross-sectional and observational design and involved the review of vaccination cards and records of the administered doses of vaccine, both manual and electronic (JARA Primary Care system). Between 1996 and 2001, vaccination was performed in the school setting and documented manually. Since 2002, vaccination was performed in the primary care centre, and documented manually between 2002 and 2007 and in the electronic health records system between 2008 and 2016. Results: the analysis of vaccination coverage by groups found the poorest results in the period that vaccination was performed in the primary care centre and documented manually (35.6%), while the best results corresponded to the period when vaccination was made in the primary care centre and documented in the electronic health records (100%), followed by the period of vaccination in the school with manual documentation (83.0%). Conclusions: the study found a high vaccination coverage for the booster dose of tetanus vaccine in adolescents aged 14 years residing in Santa Amalia, similar to the national average coverage, despite the low coverage rates documented in the rest of Extremadura.

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          Controversias sobre vacunas en España, una oportunidad para la vacunología social

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            Calendario de vacunaciones de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (CAV-AEP): recomendaciones 2017

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              Tabla 6: Coberturas de vacunación de refuerzo en niños de 4 a 14 años. Comunidades autónomas, 2016

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                December 2019
                : 21
                : 84
                : e193-e200
                Affiliations
                [1] Badajoz orgnameCentro de Salud de Montijo orgdiv1Equipo Atención Primaria España
                Article
                S1139-76322019000400005 S1139-7632(19)02108400005
                5f478700-8125-49c3-a7e7-456715f7d2a7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Spain

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                Tetanus,Adolescente,Cobertura de vacunación,Tétanos,Vacunas,Adolescent,Vaccines,Vaccination coverage

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