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      Association of breast arterial calcification and osteoporosis in Turkish women

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          Breast arterial calcification (BAC), medial calcific sclerosis of small to medium-sized muscular arteries, is a benign finding of mammographic evaluation. Previous studies have shown the relationships between BAC and systemic disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the association between reduced bone mineral density and BAC.

          Methods:

          The study population consisted of 567 women who had both mammography and bone mineral density evaluation. BAC (+) and BAC (-) women were compared for age, body mass index, postmenopausal duration, number of deliveries, breastfeeding duration, DM, HT, lipid treatment, osteopenia, and osteoporosis.

          Results:

          BAC was seen in mammographic evaluation of 179 women and 388 subjects without BAC accepted as the control group. There was a statistically significant relationship between age, postmenopausal duration, number of deliveries, history of DM, HT, lipid treatment and BAC. While the prevalence of osteopenia was higher in control group (52.8%), the rate of osteoporosis (48.7%) was higher in group with BAC.

          Conclusion:

          There was statistically significant relationship between BAC and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Determination of BAC in routine screening mammography might be helpful in both identifying women with risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.

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          Most cited references16

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          Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group.

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            Bone changes and carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.

            Because of increased life expectancy, most postmenopausal women today suffer from osteoporosis and atherosclerotic diseases, which are currently considered unrelated diseases. Our study was aimed at analyzing relations between bone mineral density (BMD) and ultrasonographic assessment of carotid wall characteristics. The relation of carotid atherosclerosis to BMD was examined in 30 postmenopausal women aged 67 to 85 years. High-resolution B-mode ultrasonography was performed, and the severity of carotid atherosclerosis was determined by plaque score. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The correlation of plaque score with low total BMD was r = .549 (P < .002). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated significant correlation of plaque score with total cholesterol level and low total BMD. Our results suggest a relation between carotid atherosclerosis, one of the major causes of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, and osteoporosis.
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              How predictive is breast arterial calcification of cardiovascular disease and risk factors when found at screening mammography?

              The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between breast arterial calcification (BAC), commonly found on mammography, and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. The study population, nested within the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) cohort study, consisted of 1,590 women older than 55 years, not taking hormone replacement therapy, and with available screening mammograms. Mammograms were coded by three radiologists for presence or absence of BAC. History of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and diabetes and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (including smoking status, body mass index [BMI], blood pressure, diabetes, and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) were independently measured from health examinations in the EPIC study. The prevalence of BAC was 16.0%. Women with BAC were significantly older than those without it. BAC was associated with prevalent CHD, but not stroke. The odds ratio of having CHD was 2.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-6.30). The sensitivity and specificity were 32.4% and 85.5%, respectively. Except for smoking, which showed an inverse association, there was no consistent significant association of BAC with cardiovascular disease risk factors including BMI, diabetes, HbA1c, or lipids. BAC found on mammograms was associated with prevalent CHD after adjustment for age, but with low sensitivity. BAC may provide additional information toward identifying cardiovascular disease risk among otherwise healthy women.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pak J Med Sci
                PJMS
                Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
                Professional Medical Publications (Pakistan )
                1682-024X
                1681-715X
                Mar-Apr 2015
                : 31
                : 2
                : 444-447
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Nesrin Atci, MD, Department of Radiology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical School, Hatay, Turkey
                [2 ]Eda Elverici, MD, Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
                [3 ]Raziye Keskin Kurt, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mustafa Kemal University Medical School, Hatay, Turkey
                [4 ]Derya Ozen, MD, Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
                [5 ]Ebru Unlu, MD, Afyon Kocatepe University Medical School, Department of Radiology, Afyon, Turkey
                [6 ]Levent Araz, MD, Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Nesrin Atci, Mustafa Kemal University Medical School, Department of Radiology, 31100, Hatay, Turkey E-mail: nesrinatci@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                PJMS-31-444
                10.12669/pjms.312.6120
                4476359
                5f95f0b5-2449-487c-8ca0-d8e6a3df3830
                Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 31 July 2014
                : 22 January 2015
                : 24 January 2015
                Categories
                Original Article

                breast arterial calcification,bone mineral density,osteopenia,osteoporosis,menopause

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