53
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      In vivo experience with natural scaffolds for myocardial infarction: the times they are a-changin’

      review-article
      , ,
      Stem Cell Research & Therapy
      BioMed Central

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Treating a myocardial infarction (MI), the most frequent cause of death worldwide, remains one of the most exciting medical challenges in the 21st century. Cardiac tissue engineering, a novel emerging treatment, involves the use of therapeutic cells supported by a scaffold for regenerating the infarcted area. It is essential to select the appropriate scaffold material; the ideal one should provide a suitable cellular microenvironment, mimic the native myocardium, and allow mechanical and electrical coupling with host tissues. Among available scaffold materials, natural scaffolds are preferable for achieving these purposes because they possess myocardial extracellular matrix properties and structures. Here, we review several natural scaffolds for applications in MI management, with a focus on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials performed to date. We also evaluate scaffolds combined with different cell types and proteins for their ability to promote improved heart function, contractility and neovascularization, and attenuate adverse ventricular remodeling. Although further refinement is necessary in the coming years, promising results indicate that natural scaffolds may be a valuable translational therapeutic option with clinical impact in MI repair.

          Related collections

          Most cited references181

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processes.

          Biologic scaffold materials composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) are typically derived by processes that involve decellularization of tissues or organs. Preservation of the complex composition and three-dimensional ultrastructure of the ECM is highly desirable but it is recognized that all methods of decellularization result in disruption of the architecture and potential loss of surface structure and composition. Physical methods and chemical and biologic agents are used in combination to lyse cells, followed by rinsing to remove cell remnants. Effective decellularization methodology is dictated by factors such as tissue density and organization, geometric and biologic properties desired for the end product, and the targeted clinical application. Tissue decellularization with preservation of ECM integrity and bioactivity can be optimized by making educated decisions regarding the agents and techniques utilized during processing. An overview of decellularization methods, their effect upon resulting ECM structure and composition, and recently described perfusion techniques for whole organ decellularization techniques are presented herein. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            RGD and other recognition sequences for integrins.

            Proteins that contain the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) attachment site, together with the integrins that serve as receptors for them, constitute a major recognition system for cell adhesion. The RGD sequence is the cell attachment site of a large number of adhesive extracellular matrix, blood, and cell surface proteins, and nearly half of the over 20 known integrins recognize this sequence in their adhesion protein ligands. Some other integrins bind to related sequences in their ligands. The integrin-binding activity of adhesion proteins can be reproduced by short synthetic peptides containing the RGD sequence. Such peptides promote cell adhesion when insolubilized onto a surface, and inhibit it when presented to cells in solution. Reagents that bind selectively to only one or a few of the RGD-directed integrins can be designed by cyclizing peptides with selected sequences around the RGD and by synthesizing RGD mimics. As the integrin-mediated cell attachment influences and regulates cell migration, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, the RGD peptides and mimics can be used to probe integrin functions in various biological systems. Drug design based on the RGD structure may provide new treatments for diseases such as thrombosis, osteoporosis, and cancer.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration.

              The notion of the adult heart as terminally differentiated organ without self-renewal potential has been undermined by the existence of a subpopulation of replicating myocytes in normal and pathological states. The origin and significance of these cells has remained obscure for lack of a proper biological context. We report the existence of Lin(-) c-kit(POS) cells with the properties of cardiac stem cells. They are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent, giving rise to myocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. When injected into an ischemic heart, these cells or their clonal progeny reconstitute well-differentiated myocardium, formed by blood-carrying new vessels and myocytes with the characteristics of young cells, encompassing approximately 70% of the ventricle. Thus, the adult heart, like the brain, is mainly composed of terminally differentiated cells, but is not a terminally differentiated organ because it contains stem cells supporting its regeneration. The existence of these cells opens new opportunities for myocardial repair.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                cprat@igtp.cat
                Journal
                Stem Cell Res Ther
                Stem Cell Res Ther
                Stem Cell Research & Therapy
                BioMed Central (London )
                1757-6512
                6 December 2015
                6 December 2015
                2015
                : 6
                : 248
                Affiliations
                [ ]ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP). Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona Spain
                [ ]Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
                Article
                237
                10.1186/s13287-015-0237-4
                4681026
                26670389
                5feaee95-7ae2-49e8-9d18-851395c90543
                © Perea-Gil et al. 2015

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Funding
                Funded by: Red de Investigación Cardiovascular
                Award ID: RD12/0042/0047
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Red de Investigación en Terapia Celular-TerCel
                Award ID: RD12/0019-/0029
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004587, Instituto de Salud Carlos III;
                Award ID: FIS-PI14/01682
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación;
                Award ID: SAF-2011-30067-C02-01/02
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Fundació Privada Daniel Bravo Andreu
                Award ID: ---
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: La Marató de TV3
                Award ID: 12/2232
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Medical Sciences and Health Academy of Catalonia and Balearics
                Award ID: ---
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Catalan Society of Cardiology
                Award ID: ---
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Spanish Society of Cardiology
                Award ID: ---
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2015

                Molecular medicine
                Molecular medicine

                Comments

                Comment on this article