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      Genetic diversity of Geoffroea decorticans , a native woody leguminous species from Atacama Desert in Chile Translated title: Diversidad genética de Geoffroea decorticans , una especie de leguminosa leñosa nativa del Desierto de Atacama en Chile

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          Abstract

          SUMMARY: Geoffroea decorticans (Fabaceae), chañar, is one of the few native tree species that are adapted to the ecologically limiting conditions from Atacama Desert. Despite its considerable value as a crop species, and important medicinal and food properties, the genetic variability of this plant has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyze genetic diversity and degree of fragmentation in G. decorticans populations from six provinces in northern Chile. Genetic variability was assessed using eight ISSR and three RAPD primers, generating 97 % and 81 % polymorphic bands, respectively. AMOVA results based on nine populations showed high genetic diversity within populations (65 %) and moderate levels among populations (35 %). Moreover, genetic relationships among individuals provided evidence for the existence of two well defined clusters in the northern and southern regions of the Atacama Desert. A Mantel test showed a significant positive correlation between geographic and genetic distances (r = 0.58) in seven populations, indicating significant isolation-by-distance. Average Shannon Weaver diversity indices showed significantly lower values associated with Pachica, Copiapó river-mouth, Alto del Carmen and Vicuña populations relative to populations from San Pedro, Calama, Azapa and Copiapó. In this work, a combination of ISSR and RAPD methods provided high quality information to evaluate genetic variability, and could be used as an alternative method to identify and distinguish G. decorticans genotypes of interest. This work represents the first attempt to molecular characterization of G. decorticans in Chile, and its significance to future genetic research is discussed.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN: Geoffroea decorticans (Fabaceae), chañar, es una de las pocas especies nativas de árboles adaptadas a las condiciones ecológicamente limitantes del Desierto de Atacama. No obstante su valor como especie de cultivo y de sus propiedades alimenticias y medicinales, la variabilidad genética de esta especie aún no se ha evaluado. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la diversidad genética y el grado de fragmentación de poblaciones de G. decorticans de seis provincias de Chile. La variabilidad genética se evaluó utilizando ocho ISSR y tres cebadores RAPD, generando 97 % y 81 % de bandas polimórficas, respectivamente. Los resultados AMOVA basados en nueve poblaciones mostraron gran diversidad genética dentro de las poblaciones (65 %) y niveles moderados entre poblaciones (35 %). Las relaciones genéticas proporcionaron evidencia de dos grupos bien definidos en el norte y sur del Desierto de Atacama. Una prueba de Mantel mostró una correlación positiva significativa entre las distancias geográficas y genéticas (r = 0,58) para siete poblaciones, lo que indica un aislamiento por distancia. El índice de diversidad promedio de Shannon Weaver mostró valores significativamente bajos asociados con las poblaciones de Pachica, Copiapó, Desembocadura del río, Alto del Carmen y Vicuña en relación con las poblaciones de San Pedro, Calama, Azapa y Copiapó. Una combinación de métodos ISSR y RAPD proporcionó información para evaluar la variabilidad genética y como método para identificar y distinguir genotipos de G. decorticans. Se presenta el primer intento de caracterización molecular de G. decorticans en Chile, y se discute su importancia para futuras investigaciones genéticas.

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          Most cited references21

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          A rapid DNA Isolation procedure from small quantities of fresh leaf tissue

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            Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification.

            Simple sequence repeats (SSR), or microsatellites, are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes. Here we demonstrate the utility of microsatellite-directed DNA fingerprinting by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the interrepeat region. No sequencing is required to design the oligonucleotide primers. We tested primers anchored at 3' or 5' termini of the (CA)n repeats, extended into the flanking sequence by 2 to 4 nucleotide residues [3'-anchored primers: (CA)8RG, (CA)8RY, and (CA)7RTCY; and 5'-anchored primers: BDB(CA)7C, DBDA(CA)7, VHVG(TG)7 and HVH(TG)7T]. Radioactively labeled amplification products were analyzed by electrophoresis, revealing information on multiple genomic loci in a single gel lane. Complex, species-specific patterns were obtained from a variety of eukaryotic taxa. Intraspecies polymorphisms were also observed and shown to segregate as Mendelian markers. Inter-SSR PCR provides a novel fingerprinting approach applicable for taxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons and as a mapping tool in a wide range of organisms. This application of (CA)n repeats may be extended to different microsatellites and other common dispersed elements.
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              Antiquity of aridity in the Chilean Atacama Desert

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bosque
                Bosque (Valdivia)
                Bosque (Valdivia)
                Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales (Valdivia, , Chile )
                0717-9200
                2018
                : 39
                : 2
                : 321-332
                Affiliations
                [1] Copiapó Atacama orgnameUniversidad de Atacama orgdiv1Centro Regional de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Atacama Chile
                Article
                S0717-92002018000200321
                10.4067/S0717-92002018000200321
                5ff3d897-fec9-4d3d-b5ff-112693c1602f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 June 2018
                : 24 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                diversidad genética,fragmentación de bosques,Desierto de Atacama,RAPD,ISSR,genetic diversity,forest fragmentation,Atacama Desert

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