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      Journal of Pain Research (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on reporting of high-quality laboratory and clinical findings in all fields of pain research and the prevention and management of pain. Sign up for email alerts here.

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      Is physician supervision of the capsaicin 8% patch administration procedure really necessary? An opinion from health care professionals

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          Abstract

          Neuropathic pain is difficult to treat and can have a severe effect on quality of life. The capsaicin 8% patch is a novel treatment option that directly targets the source of peripheral neuropathic pain. It can provide pain relief for up to 12 weeks in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. Treatment with the capsaicin 8% patch follows a clearly defined procedure, and patch application must be carried out by a physician or a health care professional under the supervision of a physician. Nonetheless, in our experience, nurses often take the lead role in capsaicin 8% patch application without the involvement of a physician. We believe that the nurse’s key role is of benefit to the patients, as he or she may be better placed, because of time constraints and patient relationships, to support the patient through the application procedure than a physician. Moreover, a number of frequently prescribed drugs, including botulinum toxin and infliximab, can be administered by health care professionals without the requirement for physician supervision. Here we argue that current guidance should be amended to remove the requirement for physician supervision during application of the capsaicin 8% patch.

          Most cited references17

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          The vanilloid receptor: a molecular gateway to the pain pathway.

          The detection of painful stimuli occurs primarily at the peripheral terminals of specialized sensory neurons called nociceptors. These small-diameter neurons transduce signals of a chemical, mechanical, or thermal nature into action potentials and transmit this information to the central nervous system, ultimately eliciting a perception of pain or discomfort. Little is known about the proteins that detect noxious stimuli, especially those of a physical nature. Here we review recent advances in the molecular characterization of the capsaicin (vanilloid) receptor, an excitatory ion channel expressed by nociceptors, which contributes to the detection and integration of pain-producing chemical and thermal stimuli. The analysis of vanilloid receptor gene knockout mice confirms the involvement of this channel in pain sensation, as well as in hypersensitivity to noxious stimuli following tissue injury. At the same time, these studies demonstrate the existence of redundant mechanisms for the sensation of heat-evoked pain.
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            Epidemiology and impact on quality of life of postherpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy.

            This article reviews the prevalence, risk factors, natural history, and impact on quality of life of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Diabetes mellitus afflicts more than 14 million persons in the U.S. An estimated 20% to 24% of these persons experience PDN. Data on risk factors for PDN are limited, but duration of diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control are probably important factors. Painful diabetic neuropathy may interfere with general activity, mood, mobility, work, social relations, sleep, leisure activities, and enjoyment of life. Herpes zoster strikes an estimated 800,000 persons each year in the U.S., most of whom are elderly or immunosuppressed. Using pain at 3 months after rash onset as a definition of PHN, between 25% and 50% of adults older than 50 years develop PHN, depending on early antiviral therapy for herpes zoster. Increasing age, greater pain and rash severity, greater degree of sensory impairment, and psychological distress are risk factors for PHN. Postherpetic neuralgia may cause fatigue, insomnia, depression, anxiety, interference with social roles and leisure activity, and impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Both conditions are common complications of their underlying disorders and can profoundly diminish the quality of life of affected persons.
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              Controlled trial of high-concentration capsaicin patch for treatment of painful HIV neuropathy.

              HIV-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy (HIV-DSP) is a painful condition with limited effective treatment. Capsaicin desensitizes cutaneous nociceptors resulting in reduced pain. We report a placebo-controlled study of a high-concentration capsaicin dermal patch (NGX-4010) for the treatment of painful HIV-DSP. This double-blind multicenter study randomized 307 patients with painful HIV-DSP to receive NGX-4010 or control, a low-concentration capsaicin patch. After application of a topical anesthetic, NGX-4010 or control was applied once for 30, 60, or 90 minutes to painful areas on the feet. The primary efficacy endpoint was percent change in Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) from baseline in mean "average pain for past 24 hours" scores from weeks 2 to 12. A single NGX-4010 application resulted in a mean pain reduction of 22.8% during weeks 2 to 12 as compared to a 10.7% reduction for controls (p = 0.0026). Following a transient treatment-related pain increase, pain was reduced; significant improvement was apparent by week 2 and continued throughout the controlled 12-week observation period. Mean pain reductions in the NGX-4010 30-, 60- and 90-minute groups were 27.7%, 15.9%, and 24.7% (p = 0.0007, 0.287, and 0.0046 vs control). One third of NGX-4010-treated patients reported >or=30% pain decrease from baseline as compared to 18% of controls (p = 0.0092). Self-limited, mild-to-moderate local skin reactions were commonly observed. A single NGX-4010 application was safe and provided at least 12 weeks of pain reduction in patients with HIV-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy. These results suggest that NGX-4010 could provide a promising new treatment for painful HIV neuropathy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Pain Res
                J Pain Res
                Journal of Pain Research
                Dove Medical Press
                1178-7090
                2013
                19 July 2013
                : 6
                : 571-575
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute for Pain Medicine/Pain Practice, Wiesbaden, Germany
                [2 ]Pain Medicine and Anaesthesia, The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
                [3 ]Pain Therapy and Palliative Care Department, Medizinisches Zentrum Städteregion Aachen, Aachen, Germany
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Kai-Uwe Kern, Institute for Pain Medicine/Pain Practice Wiesbaden, Sonnenberger Strasse 68, 65193 Wiesbaden, Germany, Tel +49 611 2059 2636, Fax +49 611 2059 2637, Email dr.kern@ 123456schmerzpraxis-wiesbaden.de
                Article
                jpr-6-571
                10.2147/JPR.S45743
                3722136
                23888119
                6004203b-8be3-410f-9efd-b3416838fc84
                © 2013 Kern et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd

                This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Expert Opinion

                Anesthesiology & Pain management
                capsaicin,neuropathic pain,topical,health care professional,physician,nurse

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