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      Hernia diafragmática traumática catastrófica con sección subtotal del píloro: caso clínico Translated title: Catastrophic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with subtotal section of the pylorus: case report

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          Abstract

          Resumen La hernia diafragmática traumática es una entidad inusual en los adultos que suele ser diagnosticada tardíamente, y se acompaña de una alta mortalidad cuando ya existe compromiso vascular. El abordaje abdominal es utilizado con más frecuencia en la hernia diafragmática traumática aguda y el abordaje torácico en la hernia diafragmática traumática crónica. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente femenina que sufrió caída de altura, ocasionándole una hernia diafragmática traumática con sección subtotal del píloro, dejando prácticamente separados estómago y duodeno, con diagnóstico tardío. Cuando la hernia diafragmática traumática causa una oclusión intestinal y existe además compromiso vascular con perforación o sepsis, la mortalidad es del 50 al 80 %. Ante un trauma que pueda ocasionar alteraciones en las cavidades torácicas y abdominales, se debe pensar en la hernia diafragmática traumática como un diagnóstico posible, para prevenir las complicaciones como consecuencia de un diagnóstico tardío.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is an unusual entity in adults that is usually diagnosed late, and is accompanied by high mortality when there is an already existing vascular disorder. The abdominal approach is most frequently used in acute traumatic diaphragmatic hernia and the thoracic approach in chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. We present the clinical case of a female patient who suffered a fall from a height, causing a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with a subtotal section of the pylorus, leaving the stomach and duodenum practically separated, with a late diagnosis. When the traumatic diaphragmatic hernia causes an intestinal occlusion and there is also a vascular disorder with perforation or sepsis, the mortality is 50 to 80 %. In the event of a trauma that may cause alterations in the thoracic and abdominal cavities, traumatic diaphragmatic hernia should be considered as a possible diagnosis, to prevent complications as a consequence of a late diagnosis.

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          Most cited references16

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          Traumatic Diaphragmatic Rupture with Transthoracic Organ Herniation: A Case Report and Review of Literature

          Patient: Female, 59-year-old Final Diagnosis: Axillo-subclavian vessel injuries Symptoms: Shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Surgery Objective: Rare disease Background: Diaphragmatic rupture is a rare pathology that reported in less than 0.5% of all trauma cases, with signs and symptoms that can easily be misdiagnosed. Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion to correctly diagnose and manage this pathology. We present a rare case of a large diaphragmatic rupture with transthoracic gastric and colon herniation that was successfully repaired, along with a literature review. Case Report: A 59-year-old woman presented to our Trauma Center after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. She complained of chest and abdominal pain, with decreased breath sounds on the left side. CT imaging revealed discontinuity of the left hemidiaphragm, with intrathoracic herniation of stomach and colon with multiple other injuries. The patient was taken for an emergent laparotomy. The diaphragmatic rupture measured 20 cm in length, with a stellate component. After ensuring complete reduction of the herniated organs, the diaphragmatic defect was primarily repaired. The patient recovered from her injuries and was doing well at last follow-up in the clinic. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of diaphragmatic rupture and its associated intra-abdominal injuries when treating trauma patients. With missed diaphragmatic injuries leading to a potential morbidity rate of 30% and mortality rate as high as 10%, the clinician must have a high index of suspicion to correctly diagnose and manage this pathology in a timely fashion. More research is needed to provide surgeons with evidence-based standardized therapies for dealing with these rare pathologies to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
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            Right-sided diaphragmatic rupture after blunt trauma. An unusual entity

            Traumatic injuries of the diaphragm remain an entity of difficult diagnosis despite having been recognised early in the history of surgery, especially when it comes to blunt trauma and injuries of the right diaphragm. We report the case of a patient with blunt trauma with right diaphragmatic rupture that required urgent surgical treatment for hepatothorax and iatrogenic severe liver injury. Blunt trauma can cause substantial diaphragmatic rupture. It must have a high index of suspicion for diaphragmatic injury in patients, victims of vehicle collisions, mainly if they have suffered frontal impacts and/or side precipitates in patients with severe thoracoabdominal trauma. The diagnosis can be performed clinically and confirmation should be radiological. The general measures for the management of multiple trauma patients must be applied. Surgery at the time of diagnosis should restore continuity.
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              Surgical management of chronic diaphragmatic hernias.

              Chronic diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an uncommon disease which may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Antecedent (even many months or years before CDH development) blunt or penetrating thoracic/thoraco-abdominal trauma is generally recognized. A wide spectrum of different mechanisms of injury, timing in presentation, size of the diaphragmatic defect, types and amount of abdominal viscera herniated into the chest cavity, clinical symptoms are observed in CDHs. Thoracic and abdominal CT scan (with coronal, axial and sagittal reconstructions) is the best diagnostic tool; sometimes thoracic MRI is needed to better define the extent of the diaphragmatic defect and the number of abdominal organs displaced into the chest cavity. Surgery (sometimes urgent) represents the treatment of choice for CDH; diaphragmatic hernia direct repair with a tension-free suture is generally attempted; in case of very large defects or when a tension-free suture is deemed unfeasible, the use of prosthesis is recommended. This review article will discuss about CDH aetiology, clinical presentation diagnosis and surgical treatment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                December 2020
                : 43
                : 3
                : 411-415
                Affiliations
                [1] Machala orgnameHospital General Teófilo Dávila orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía General Ecuador
                [2] Machala El Oro orgnameUniversidad Técnica de Machala orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Química y de la Salud Ecuador
                Article
                S1137-66272020000300012 S1137-6627(20)04300300012
                10.23938/assn.0915
                60081450-ddc9-4e25-a269-3c67be1033e2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 May 2020
                : 31 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Notas Clínicas

                Herniorrhaphy,Laparotomy,Pylorus,Abdominal pain,Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia,Herniorrafia,Laparotomía,Píloro,Dolor abdominal,Hernia diafragmática traumática

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