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      Prognostic role of C-reactive protein in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma : A meta-analysis and literature review

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          Abstract

          Background:

          C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to be associated with several tumors. However, its association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not well characterized. We performed a literature review and meta-analysis to assess the prognostic relevance of elevated CRP levels in patients with NPC.

          Methods:

          A literature search for relevant studies was performed on PubMed (Medline), the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were calculated to assess the association between elevated CRP levels and survival outcomes.

          Results:

          Five studies with a combined study population of 5215 patients with NPC were included. Pooled hazard ratios for overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival were 1.84 (95% CI = 1.57–2.17) and 1.81 (95% CI = 1.53–2.14), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that types of indicators and treatment before inclusion had no significant impact on the observed association.

          Conclusion:

          Elevated serum CRP levels in patients with NPC were associated with worse prognosis.

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          Inflammation in atherosclerosis: from pathophysiology to practice.

          Peter Libby, Paul M Ridker, Göran K Hansson (2009)
          Until recently, most envisaged atherosclerosis as a bland arterial collection of cholesterol, complicated by smooth muscle cell accumulation. According to that concept, endothelial denuding injury led to platelet aggregation and release of platelet factors which would trigger the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the arterial intima. These cells would then elaborate an extracellular matrix that would entrap lipoproteins, forming the nidus of the atherosclerotic plaque. Beyond the vascular smooth muscle cells long recognized in atherosclerotic lesions, subsequent investigations identified immune cells and mediators at work in atheromata, implicating inflammation in this disease. Multiple independent pathways of evidence now pinpoint inflammation as a key regulatory process that links multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis and its complications with altered arterial biology. Knowledge has burgeoned regarding the operation of both innate and adaptive arms of immunity in atherogenesis, their interplay, and the balance of stimulatory and inhibitory pathways that regulate their participation in atheroma formation and complication. This revolution in our thinking about the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has now begun to provide clinical insight and practical tools that may aid patient management. This review provides an update of the role of inflammation in atherogenesis and highlights how translation of these advances in basic science promises to change clinical practice.
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            Establishment and Validation of Prognostic Nomograms for Endemic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

            Mu-Sheng Zeng, Dong-Peng Hu, Shi-Hua Wen … (2016)
            This study aimed to establish an effective prognostic nomogram with or without plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBV DNA) for nondisseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
            Article 0 comments Cited 158 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Is nasopharyngeal cancer really a "Cantonese cancer"?

              Susan Loong, Chao-Nan Qian, Joseph Tien-Seng Wee … (2010)
              Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is endemic in Southern China, with Guandong province and Hong Kong reporting some of the highest incidences in the world. The journal Science has called it a "Cantonese cancer". We propose that in fact NPC is a cancer that originated in the Bai Yue ("proto Tai Kadai" or "proto Austronesian" or "proto Zhuang") peoples and was transmitted to the Han Chinese in southern China through intermarriage. However, the work by John Ho raised the profile of NPC, and because of the high incidence of NPC in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, NPC became known as a Cantonese cancer. We searched historical articles, articles cited in PubMed, Google, monographs, books and Internet articles relating to genetics of the peoples with high populations of NPC. The migration history of these various peoples was extensively researched, and where possible, their genetic fingerprint identified to corroborate with historical accounts. Genetic and anthropological evidence suggest there are a lot of similarities between the Bai Yue and the aboriginal peoples of Borneo and Northeast India; between Inuit of Greenland, Austronesian Mayalo Polynesians of Southeast Asia and Polynesians of Oceania, suggesting some common ancestry. Genetic studies also suggest the present Cantonese, Minnans and Hakkas are probably an admixture of northern Han and southern Bai Yue. All these populations have a high incidence of NPC. Very early contact between southern Chinese and peoples of East Africa and Arabia can also account for the intermediate incidence of NPC in these regions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Medicine (Baltimore)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Medicine (Baltimore)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MEDI
                Title: Medicine
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health
                ISSN (Print): 0025-7974
                ISSN (Electronic): 1536-5964
                Publication date Collection: November 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 November 2017
                Volume: 96
                Issue: 45
                Electronic Location Identifier: e8463
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
                [b ]Wenzhou Medical University
                [c ]Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
                [d ]Department of Radiochemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Correspondence: Zhi-Su Liao, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Southern BaiXiang Street, OuHai District, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325000, China (e-mail: liaozhisu111@ 123456163.com ).
                Article
                Publisher ID: MD-D-17-04996 Accession ID: 08463
                DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008463
                PMC ID: 5690726
                PubMed ID: 29137033
                SO-VID: 6011dcde-b2ce-45af-9f85-6621c0d2f53c
                Copyright © Copyright © 2017 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

                History
                Date received : 11 August 2017
                Date revision received : 27 September 2017
                Date accepted : 29 September 2017
                Categories
                Subject: 6000
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
                Custom metadata
                OPEN-ACCESS TRUE

                Keywords: c-reactive protein,meta-analysis,nasopharyngeal carcinoma,prognosis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: c-reactive protein, meta-analysis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, prognosis

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