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      The Use of Virtual and Immersive Technology in Creating Personalized Multisensory Spaces for People Living With Dementia (SENSE-GARDEN): Protocol for a Multisite Before-After Trial

      research-article
      , MA 1 , , , PhD 2 , 3 , , PhD 1 , , PhD 1 , , ClinPsy, PhD 2 , 3 , , ClinPsy, PhD 2 , 3 , , Dr med 2 , 3 , , Prof Dr med 2 , 3 , , Prof Dr med 4 , , Prof Dr 1 , 5
      (Reviewer), (Reviewer)
      JMIR Research Protocols
      JMIR Publications
      dementia, emotions, technology, multimedia, eHealth

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          Abstract

          Background

          The number of people living with dementia is rapidly increasing. With dementia’s impact on memory, communication, and self-identity, it is important to identify ways of meeting individual needs of diagnosed individuals and their caregivers. This study will test a new intervention, SENSE-GARDEN, that integrates autobiographical music, films, pictures, and scents with innovative technology to create an immersive environment tailored specifically for the individual.

          Objective

          The SENSE-GARDEN study is an Active Assisted Living Program–funded multicenter project. The primary objective of the study is to assess whether a personalized, innovative technology-based intervention can improve the well-being of older adults living with moderate to severe dementia. The study will also assess whether the intervention can improve coping and reduce burden in caregivers.

          Methods

          A controlled before-after study design will be used. There will be 3 sites in 3 trial countries: Belgium, Norway, and Portugal. A total of 55 people with dementia (PWDs) will be recruited. All eligible participants for the study will be randomized into the intervention or control group. For the first three months of the study, all participants will receive the SENSE-GARDEN intervention. For the final month of the study, the intervention group will continue visits to the SENSE-GARDEN, and the control group will discontinue visits. A mixed-methods approach will be used, including the use of standardized outcome measures, quantitative physiological data, and qualitative interview data.

          Results

          The trials commenced recruitment in August 2019, and all data are expected to be collected by the end of May 2020. A user-centered design process is underway, with results from the first phase of user interviews indicating that people with mild cognitive impairment, family caregivers, and professional caregivers consider the SENSE-GARDEN to be a potentially valuable tool in providing numerous benefits to dementia care. Feasibility testing of the SENSE-GARDEN has been completed and results are expected to be published in October 2019.

          Conclusions

          Findings from the SENSE-GARDEN trials will provide insights into the use of technology for personalizing interventions to the PWD. This will have potential implications on not only dementia research, but it may also have influences on care practice.

          International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

          DERR1-10.2196/14096

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          Most cited references24

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          The quality of life in late-stage dementia (QUALID) scale.

          To develop a valid and reliable instrument for rating quality of life in persons with late-stage Alzheimer's disease and other dementing illnesses. A group of clinicians with extensive experience in dealing with dementia patients developed by consensus the Quality of Life in Dementia Scale (QUALID), an 11-item scale. The window of observation for each subject was 7 days. A 5-point scale captured the frequency of each item (total score ranging from 11 to 55). Lower scores reflected a higher quality of life (QOL). Validity was assessed by comparison with other measures. Dementia special care unit. Professional caregivers of 42 patients. QUALID, Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). QUALID scores ranged from 12 to 45 points and were skewed toward higher QOL (lower scores). Internal consistency of items was high, as were test-retest reliability and consistency across recorders. As expected, there was no relationship between QUALID and MMSE or PSMS scores, but there was a statistically significant, although moderate, relationship between QUALID and NPI, and GDS scores. The QUALID is a reliable and valid scale, administered to caregivers, for rating QOL in persons with late-stage dementing illness.
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            Engagement in persons with dementia: the concept and its measurement.

            The aim of this article is to delineate the underlying premises of the concept of engagement in persons with dementia and present a new theoretical framework of engagement. The sample included 193 residents of seven Maryland nursing homes. All participants had a diagnosis of dementia. The authors describe a model of factors that affect engagement of persons with dementia. Moreover, the authors present the psychometric qualities of an assessment designed to capture the dimensions of engagement (Observational Measurement of Engagement). Finally, the authors detail plans for future research and data analyses that are currently underway. This article lays the foundation for a new theoretical framework concerning the mechanisms of interactions between persons with cognitive impairment and environmental stimuli. Additionally, the study examines what factors are associated with interest and negative and positive feelings in engagement.
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              Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Forest on People With Dementia: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                JMIR Res Protoc
                JMIR Res Protoc
                ResProt
                JMIR Research Protocols
                JMIR Publications (Toronto, Canada )
                1929-0748
                September 2019
                19 August 2019
                : 8
                : 9
                : e14096
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
                [2 ] University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davlia Bucharest Romania
                [3 ] ELIAS University Hospital Bucharest Romania
                [4 ] Department of Neurology Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel Germany
                [5 ] Norwegian Centre for eHealth Research University Hospital of North Norway Tromsø Norway
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Gemma Goodall gemma.goodall@ 123456ntnu.no
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5726-3889
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-163X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-5450
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-1242
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-9650
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2845-9617
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-6968
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9379-4580
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5945-4694
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8409-9615
                Article
                v8i9e14096
                10.2196/14096
                6786690
                31538942
                6052d7d1-32bc-485b-9842-b6b30c0e0cce
                ©Gemma Goodall, Ileana Ciobanu, Kristin Taraldsen, Jon Sørgaard, Andreea Marin, Rozeta Draghici, Mihai Zamfir, Mihai Berteanu, Walter Maetzler, J Artur Serrano. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 19.08.2019.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Research Protocols, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.researchprotocols.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

                History
                : 22 March 2019
                : 22 June 2019
                : 5 July 2019
                : 7 July 2019
                Categories
                Protocol
                Protocol

                dementia,emotions,technology,multimedia,ehealth
                dementia, emotions, technology, multimedia, ehealth

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