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      Eficacia del ejercicio acuático en personas mayores de 50 años prefrágiles. Una revisión sistemática Translated title: Efficacy of aquatic exercise in pre-fragile people over 50 years old. A systematic review

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          Abstract

          Resumen Esta revisión sistemática, tipo síntesis narrativa, analiza la eficacia del ejercicio acuático en personas mayores de 50 años prefrágiles que viven en la comunidad. Siguiendo la declaración PRISMA se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estudios cuasiexperimentales y revisiones sistemáticas publicados en inglés o castellano en Scopus, Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ÍnDICEs CSIC, CUIDEN, PsycINFO, Cinahl y ProQuest. Siete estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El ejercicio acuático reportó incrementos significativos (p < 0,05) en la fuerza, funcionamiento ejecutivo, eficiencia del sueño, calidad de vida, estabilidad postural, índice de masa corporal, glucemia en ayunas, colesterol, rigidez y presión arterial. En un estudio, la fuerza y el equilibrio volvieron a niveles basales tras 6 semanas de desentrenamiento. Aunque el ejercicio acuático puede mejorar la calidad de vida de personas mayores prefrágiles, futuros estudios deben indagar en sus beneficios cardiovasculares y en las consecuencias del desentrenamiento.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This systematic review, type narrative synthesis, analyses the evidence on the efficacy of aquatic exercise in pre-fragile people over 50 years living in the community. Following the PRISMA declaration we conduct a systematic search of randomized clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies, and systematic reviews published in English and Spanish in Scopus, Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ÍnDICEs CSIC, CUIDEN, PsycINFO, Cinahl, and ProQuest. Seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Aquatic exercise reported significant increases (p < 0,05) in strength, executive functioning, sleep efficiency, quality of life, postural stability, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure. In one study, strength and balance returned to baseline levels after 6 weeks of detraining. Although aquatic exercise can improve the quality of life of pre-fragile older people, future studies should investigate their cardiovascular benefits and consequences of detraining.

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          Most cited references26

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          Physical activity and healthy ageing: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies

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            A general framework for the evaluation of clinical trial quality.

            Flawed evaluation of clinical trial quality allows flawed trials to thrive (get funded, obtain IRB approval, get published, serve as the basis of regulatory approval, and set policy). A reasonable evaluation of clinical trial quality must recognize that any one of a large number of potential biases could by itself completely invalidate the trial results. In addition, clever new ways to distort trial results toward a favored outcome may be devised at any time. Finally, the vested financial and other interests of those conducting the experiments and publishing the reports must cast suspicion on any inadequately reported aspect of clinical trial quality. Putting these ideas together, we see that an adequate evaluation of clinical quality would need to enumerate all known biases, update this list periodically, score the trial with regard to each potential bias on a scale of 0% to 100%, offer partial credit for only that which can be substantiated, and then multiply (not add) the component scores to obtain an overall score between 0% and 100%. We will demonstrate that current evaluations fall well short of these ideals.
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              Effect of aquatic exercise on ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial.

              Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects mainly the axial skeleton and causes significant pain and disability. Aquatic (water-based) exercise may have a beneficial effect in various musculoskeletal conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of aquatic exercise interventions with land-based exercises (home-based exercise) in the treatment of AS. Patients with AS were randomly assigned to receive either home-based exercise or aquatic exercise treatment protocol. Home-based exercise program was demonstrated by a physiotherapist on one occasion and then, exercise manual booklet was given to all patients in this group. Aquatic exercise program consisted of 20 sessions, 5× per week for 4 weeks in a swimming pool at 32-33 °C. All the patients in both groups were assessed for pain, spinal mobility, disease activity, disability, and quality of life. Evaluations were performed before treatment (week 0) and after treatment (week 4 and week 12). The baseline and mean values of the percentage changes calculated for both groups were compared using independent sample t test. Paired t test was used for comparison of pre- and posttreatment values within groups. A total of 69 patients with AS were included in this study. We observed significant improvements for all parameters [pain score (VAS) visual analog scale, lumbar flexion/extension, modified Schober test, chest expansion, bath AS functional index, bath AS metrology index, bath AS disease activity index, and short form-36 (SF-36)] in both groups after treatment at week 4 and week 12 (p < 0.05). Comparison of the percentage changes of parameters both at week 4 and week 12 relative to pretreatment values showed that improvement in VAS (p < 0.001) and bodily pain (p < 0.001), general health (p < 0.001), vitality (p < 0.001), social functioning (p < 0.001), role limitations due to emotional problems (p < 0.001), and general mental health (p < 0.001) subparts of SF-36 were better in aquatic exercise group. It is concluded that a water-based exercises produced better improvement in pain score and quality of life of the patients with AS compared with home-based exercise.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                geroko
                Gerokomos
                Gerokomos
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Geriátrica y Gerontológica (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                1134-928X
                2022
                : 33
                : 3
                : 168-174
                Affiliations
                [2] Talavera de la Reina orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Área Integrada de Talavera de la Reina Spain
                [1] Talavera de la Reina orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia Spain
                Article
                S1134-928X2022000300007 S1134-928X(22)03300300007
                605db666-ce1d-44c4-b2a4-c418bcc84de3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 February 2021
                : 28 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisiones

                exercise,ejercicio físico,eficacia,Anciano,systematic review,efficacy,Elderly,revisión sistemática

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