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      Propriedades psicométricas na avaliação de instrumentos: avaliação da confiabilidade e da validade Translated title: Psychometric properties in instruments evaluation of reliability and validity

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          Abstract

          Resumo Instrumentos de medida desempenham um importante papel na pesquisa, na prática clínica e na avaliação de saúde. Estudos sobre a qualidade desses instrumentos fornecem evidências de como as propriedades de medida foram avaliadas, auxiliando o pesquisador na escolha da melhor ferramenta para utilização. A confiabilidade e a validade são consideradas as principais propriedades de medida de tais instrumentos. Confiabilidade é a capacidade em reproduzir um resultado de forma consistente, no tempo e no espaço. Validade refere-se à propriedade de um instrumento medir exatamente o que se propõe. Neste artigo são apresentados, discutidos e exemplificados os principais critérios e testes estatísticos empregados na avaliação da confiabilidade (estabilidade, consistência interna e equivalência) e validade (conteúdo, critério e construto) de instrumentos. A avaliação das propriedades de medida de instrumentos é útil para subsidiar a seleção de instrumentos válidos e confiáveis, de modo a assegurar a qualidade dos resultados dos estudos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Measurement instruments play an important role in research, clinical practice and health assessment. Studies on the quality of these instruments provide evidence of how the measurement properties were assessed, helping the researcher choose the best tool to use. Reliability and validity are considered the main measurement properties of such instruments. Reliability is the ability to reproduce a result consistently in time and space. Validity refers to the property of an instrument to measure exactly what it proposes. In this article, the main criteria and statistical tests used in the assessment of reliability (stability, internal consistency and equivalence) and validity (content, criterion and construct) of instruments are presented, discussed and exemplified. The assessment of instruments measurement properties is useful to subsidize the selection of valid and reliable tools, in order to ensure the quality of the results of studies.

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          Most cited references32

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          Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests

          Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334
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            Psychometric theory.

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              Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research.

              Issues related to the validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research are reviewed. Key indicators of the quality of a measuring instrument are the reliability and validity of the measures. The process of developing and validating an instrument is in large part focused on reducing error in the measurement process. Reliability estimates evaluate the stability of measures, internal consistency of measurement instruments, and interrater reliability of instrument scores. Validity is the extent to which the interpretations of the results of a test are warranted, which depends on the particular use the test is intended to serve. The responsiveness of the measure to change is of interest in many of the applications in health care where improvement in outcomes as a result of treatment is a primary goal of research. Several issues may affect the accuracy of data collected, such as those related to self-report and secondary data sources. Self-report of patients or subjects is required for many of the measurements conducted in health care, but self-reports of behavior are particularly subject to problems with social desirability biases. Data that were originally gathered for a different purpose are often used to answer a research question, which can affect the applicability to the study at hand. In health care and social science research, many of the variables of interest and outcomes that are important are abstract concepts known as theoretical constructs. Using tests or instruments that are valid and reliable to measure such constructs is a crucial component of research quality.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ress
                Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde
                Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde
                Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                1679-4974
                2237-9622
                September 2017
                : 26
                : 3
                : 649-659
                Affiliations
                [1] Campinas São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Faculdade de Enfermagem Brazil
                Article
                S2237-96222017000300649
                10.5123/s1679-49742017000300022
                28977189
                608485f7-d5fd-44dc-a9d0-9ec65dc6735b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 December 2016
                : 27 December 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Validation Studies,Reproducibility of Results,Surveys and Questionnaires,Estudos de Validação,Reprodutibilidade dos Testes,Inquéritos e Questionários

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