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      Hallmarks of Health

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      Cell
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Health is usually defined as the absence of pathology. Here, we endeavor to define health as a compendium of organizational and dynamic features that maintain physiology. The biological causes or hallmarks of health include features of spatial compartmentalization (integrity of barriers and containment of local perturbations), maintenance of homeostasis over time (recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, and rhythmic oscillations), and an array of adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, and repair and regeneration). Disruption of any of these interlocked features is broadly pathogenic, causing an acute or progressive derailment of the system coupled to the loss of numerous stigmata of health.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cell
          Cell
          Elsevier BV
          00928674
          December 2020
          December 2020
          Article
          10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.034
          33340459
          60c3c126-81c9-44a0-8c60-08222ea5e174
          © 2020

          https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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