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      Eficacia de una intervención para mejorar conocimientos y actitudes sobre lactancia materna en adolescentes Translated title: Effectiveness of an intervention to improve breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes among adolescents

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: La lactancia materna (LM) por sus múltiples beneficios constituye una prioridad en salud pública. La decisión de amamantar generalmente se toma antes del embarazo, siendo importante incluir a los adolescentes en los programas de promoción. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de un programa dirigido a mejorar los conocimientos y actitudes de los adolescentes sobre la LM. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal pre-post-intervención, controlado y aleatorizado, realizado en 2008 en Tenerife. Participaron 970 adolescentes (14,6±0.9 años), 506 en el grupo experimental (GE) y 524 en el grupo control (GC). Antes de la intervención y a las 4 semanas cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre conocimientos y actitudes hacia la LM. La intervención incluyó: charla, vídeo, folletos informativos, relatos y rol-play. Se han utilizado las pruebas chi-cuadrado, t de student, coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas y análisis de covarianza. Resultados: Antes de la intervención no había diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en los conocimientos (GE: 3.9±1.5, GC: 3.8±1.5) y actitudes sobre LM, ni diferencias asociadas al sexo, curso escolar, profesión de los padres y tipo de colegio. Tras la intervención, el GE registró un aumento significativo en sus conocimientos (GE: 6.9±1.5, GC: 4.4±1.8 p<0.001), así como un mayor porcentaje de actitudes positivas hacia la LM (GE: 71.13±28.5, GC: 54.27±28.9, p<0,001). El análisis de covarianza reflejó un efecto significativo (p<0,05) de las variables sexo y contacto previo con la LM en las actitudes. Conclusiones: El programa educativo desarrollado es eficaz para mejorar los conocimientos y actitudes sobre LM en adolescentes.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Breastfeeding constitutes a priority in Public Health due to the multiple benefits it offers. The decision to breastfeed is usually made before pregnancy, and therefore it is important to include adolescents in breastfeeding promotion programmes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a programme to improve knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding among teenagers. Method: Pre-test-post-test randomized controlled study, carried out in 2008 in Tenerife. 970 teenagers participated (14,6±0.9 years), 506 experimental group (EG) and 524 control group (CG). Before the intervention and 4 weeks after, students completed a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding. The performed intervention consisted of: a talk, video projection, informative leaflets, narrative short stories and role-play activities. Chi-square test, student’s t-test, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, repeated measures variance analysis and covariance analysis were used. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding knowledge (EG: 3.9±1.5, CG: 3.8±1.5) or attitudes towards breastfeeding, before the intervention. The same applies when compared by gender, school year, parents’ occupation and type of school. The post-intervention questionnaire showed a significant increase in the level of knowledge of students from EG (EG: 6.9 ± 1.5, CG: 4.4 ± 1.8; p < 0.001) as well as a higher percentage of positive attitudes towards breastfeeding (GE: 71.13±28.5, GC: 54.27±28.9, p<0,001). Covariance analysis showed a significant effect (p<0,05) on attitudes towards breastfeeding of the variables gender and previous contact with breastfeeding. Conclusions: The educational program carried out is effective as a method to improve knowledge and attitudes toward breastfeeding among teenagers.

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          Diseño y Validación de Cuestionarios

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            Education and support for fathers improves breastfeeding rates: a randomized controlled trial.

            Studies have identified numerous factors affecting breastfeeding initiation and duration, including maternal education, mode of delivery, birth weight, socioeconomic status, and support of the infant's father. The objective was to investigate the effects of an antenatal education session and postnatal support targeted to fathers. The Fathers Infant Feeding Initiative (FIFI Study) is a randomized controlled trial to increase the initiation and duration of breastfeeding that was conducted in 8 public maternity hospitals in Perth, Western Australia. A total of 699 couples were randomized within hospitals to either intervention or control groups. The intervention consisted of a 2-hour antenatal education session and postnatal support provided to fathers. The any breastfeeding rate for the intervention group was significantly greater at 6 weeks: 81.6% in the intervention group compared to 75.2% in the control group, odds ratio 1.46 (95% CI, 1.01-2.13). After adjustment for age and hospital, the odds ratio for any breastfeeding in the intervention group was 1.58 (1.06-2.35) and for socioeconomic status (SES), 1.56 (1.06-2.30). The infants of older fathers were more likely to be breastfed at 6 weeks compared to infants of younger fathers (P < .01), and infants of fathers with high SES more likely than infants of fathers with low SES (P = .013). Even a small increase in breastfeeding rates brings public health benefits. In this study, a minimal intervention was found to significantly increase any breastfeeding at 6 weeks: 81.6% in the intervention group compared to 75.2% in the control group.
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              Factors influencing decision to breastfeed.

              The low prevalence and short duration of breastfeeding in international studies have highlighted the need for more investigations into the problems. International studies have identified certain factors that affect breastfeeding intentions. Due to insufficient published studies on the local breastfeeding situation, this study specifically investigated factors influencing the breastfeeding decision among primipara women in Hong Kong. The aim of this paper is to report a study investigating the personal, social, cultural, facilities and environmental and other factors contributing to women's decisions to breastfeed, and to exploring first-time mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding and its influence on their breastfeeding intentions. Three private and 10 public hospitals in Hong Kong participated in the study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaires and subsequently by in-depth interviews with 230 first-time mothers 24-48 hours after delivery. The results indicated that personal, cultural, social, and environmental factors are common influencing factors in the decision to breastfeed. Mother's knowledge and attitudes, followed by husband's support, were identified as important in influencing infant feeding choice. Expected local cultural differences were also identified. Acknowledgement of the influencing factors could lead to appropriate management of the promotion of breastfeeding. Further research into husband's role, recognition and support for infant feeding and the issue of 'inadequate breast milk' is necessary for a successful breastfeeding campaign. Some other interesting findings typical of the local culture, such as family communication and living environment relating to breastfeeding, are also discussed. The study has identified the influencing factors that affect women's decision to breastfeed. Recommendations are made for health care professionals and the community to create a more baby-friendly atmosphere and environment for the promotion of breastfeeding.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2018
                : 92
                : e201806033
                Affiliations
                [3] orgnameUniversidad de La Laguna orgdiv1Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB) orgdiv2Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN)
                [4] Tenerife Islas Canarias orgnameComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias (CHUC) orgdiv1Unidad de Investigación
                [1] Tenerife Islas Canarias orgnameUniversidad de La Laguna orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Sección de Medicina, Enfermería y Fisioterapia
                [2] Tenerife Islas Canarias orgnameComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias (CHUC) orgdiv1Servicio de Paritorio
                Article
                S1135-57272018000100411 S1135-5727(18)09200000411
                60cd7932-6d1c-4046-8827-df62393703d5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 January 2018
                : 17 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health


                Lactancia materna,Educación en salud,Adolescentes,Health Education,Adolescent,Breastfeeding

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