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      Sulfate-selective electrode and its application for sulfate determination in aqueous solutions

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          Thermodynamics of solvation of ions. Part 5.—Gibbs free energy of hydration at 298.15 K

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            Recommendations for nomenclature of ionselective electrodes (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)

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              Selectivity of potentiometric ion sensors.

              Selectivities of solvent polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are quantitatively related to equilibria at the interface between the sample and the electrode membrane. However, only correctly determined selectivity coefficients allow accurate predictions of ISE responses to real-world samples. Moreover, they are also required for the optimization of ionophore structures and membrane compositions. Best suited for such purposes are potentiometric selectivity coefficients as defined already in the 1960s. This paper briefly reviews the basic relationships and focuses on possible biases in the determination of selectivity coefficients. The traditional methods to determine selectivity coefficients (separate solution method, fixed interference method) are still the same as those originally proposed by IUPAC in 1976. However, several precautions are needed to obtain meaningful data. For example, errors arise when the response to a weakly interfering ion is also influenced by the primary ion leaching from the membrane. Wrong selectivity coefficients may be also obtained when the interfering agent is highly preferred and the electrode shows counterion interference. Recent advances show how such pitfalls can be avoided. A detailed recipe to determine correct potentiometric selectivity coefficients unaffected by such biases is presented.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Analytica Chimica Acta
                Analytica Chimica Acta
                Elsevier BV
                00032670
                March 2006
                March 2006
                : 562
                : 2
                : 216-222
                Article
                10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.047
                60e2da4e-2262-4cd0-81b2-870798aa879b
                © 2006

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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