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      Carbon balance and source‐sink metabolic changes in winter wheat exposed to high night‐time temperature

      1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1
      Plant, Cell & Environment
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d4724278e99">Carbon loss under high night-time temperature (HNT) leads to significant reduction in wheat yield. Growth chamber studies were carried out using six winter wheat genotypes, to unravel postheading HNT (23°C)-induced alterations in carbon balance, source-sink metabolic changes, yield, and yield-related traits compared with control (15°C) conditions. Four of the six tested genotypes recorded a significant increase in night respiration after 4 days of HNT exposure, with all the cultivars regulating carbon loss and demonstrating different degree of acclimation to extended HNT exposure. Metabolite profiling indicated carbohydrate metabolism in spikes and activation of the TriCarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle in leaves as important pathways operating under HNT exposure. A significant increase in sugars, sugar-alcohols, and phosphate in spikes of the tolerant genotype (Tascosa) indicated osmolytes and membrane protective mechanisms acting against HNT damage. Enhanced night respiration under HNT resulted in higher accumulation of TCA cycle intermediates like isocitrate and fumarate in leaves of the susceptible genotype (TX86A5606). Lower grain number due to lesser productive spikes and reduced grain weight due to shorter grain-filling duration determined HNT-induced yield loss in winter wheat. Traits and mechanisms identified will help catalyze the development of physiological and metabolic markers for breeding HNT-tolerant wheat. </p>

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          Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation

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            Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production

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              When defense pathways collide. The response of Arabidopsis to a combination of drought and heat stress.

              Within their natural habitat, plants are subjected to a combination of abiotic conditions that include stresses such as drought and heat. Drought and heat stress have been extensively studied; however, little is known about how their combination impacts plants. The response of Arabidopsis plants to a combination of drought and heat stress was found to be distinct from that of plants subjected to drought or heat stress. Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis plants subjected to a combination of drought and heat stress revealed a new pattern of defense response in plants that includes a partial combination of two multigene defense pathways (i.e. drought and heat stress), as well as 454 transcripts that are specifically expressed in plants during a combination of drought and heat stress. Metabolic profiling of plants subjected to drought, heat stress, or a combination of drought and heat stress revealed that plants subject to a combination of drought and heat stress accumulated sucrose and other sugars such as maltose and glucose. In contrast, Pro that accumulated in plants subjected to drought did not accumulate in plants during a combination of drought and heat stress. Heat stress was found to ameliorate the toxicity of Pro to cells, suggesting that during a combination of drought and heat stress sucrose replaces Pro in plants as the major osmoprotectant. Our results highlight the plasticity of the plant genome and demonstrate its ability to respond to complex environmental conditions that occur in the field.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Plant, Cell & Environment
                Plant Cell Environ
                Wiley
                0140-7791
                1365-3040
                December 10 2018
                April 2019
                January 15 2019
                April 2019
                : 42
                : 4
                : 1233-1246
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Agronomy, Throckmorton Plant Sciences CenterKansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
                [2 ]Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska Lincoln Lincoln Nebraska
                Article
                10.1111/pce.13488
                30471235
                60e82e83-9acd-45fa-91ec-a291794caeb4
                © 2019

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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