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      Colour in digital pathology: a review.

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          Abstract

          Colour is central to the practice of pathology because of the use of coloured histochemical and immunohistochemical stains to visualize tissue features. Our reliance upon histochemical stains and light microscopy has evolved alongside a wide variation in slide colour, with little investigation into the implications of colour variation. However, the introduction of the digital microscope and whole-slide imaging has highlighted the need for further understanding and control of colour. This is because the digitization process itself introduces further colour variation which may affect diagnosis, and image analysis algorithms often use colour or intensity measures to detect or measure tissue features. The US Food and Drug Administration have released recent guidance stating the need to develop a method of controlling colour reproduction throughout the digitization process in whole-slide imaging for primary diagnostic use. This comprehensive review introduces applied basic colour physics and colour interpretation by the human visual system, before discussing the importance of colour in pathology. The process of colour calibration and its application to pathology are also included, as well as a summary of the current guidelines and recommendations regarding colour in digital pathology.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Histopathology
          Histopathology
          Wiley
          1365-2559
          0309-0167
          Jan 2017
          : 70
          : 2
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Histopathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
          [2 ] Section of Pathology and Tumour Biology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
          Article
          10.1111/his.13079
          27607349
          6107eb1c-391a-4f82-b410-c375d69123f1
          History

          digital pathology,whole slide imaging,colour calibration,colour standardization

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