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Abstract

New catalytic synthetic methods in organic chemistry that satisfy increasingly stringent environmental constraints are in great demand by the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. In addition, novel catalytic procedures are necessary to produce the emerging classes of organic compounds that are becoming the targets of molecular and biomedical research. Enzyme-catalysed chemical transformations are now widely recognized as practical alternatives to traditional (non-biological) organic synthesis, and as convenient solutions to certain intractable synthetic problems.

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Most cited references 64

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The catalytic pathway of cytochrome p450cam at atomic resolution.

I Schlichting, J Berendzen, K. Chu … (2000)

Members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily catalyze the addition of molecular oxygen to nonactivated hydrocarbons at physiological temperature-a reaction that requires high temperature to proceed in the absence of a catalyst. Structures were obtained for three intermediates in the hydroxylation reaction of camphor by P450cam with trapping techniques and cryocrystallography. The structure of the ferrous dioxygen adduct of P450cam was determined with 0.91 angstrom wavelength x-rays; irradiation with 1.5 angstrom x-rays results in breakdown of the dioxygen molecule to an intermediate that would be consistent with an oxyferryl species. The structures show conformational changes in several important residues and reveal a network of bound water molecules that may provide the protons needed for the reaction.

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Lipases: Interfacial Enzymes with Attractive Applications

Rolf Schmid, Robert Verger (1998)

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Why are enzymes less active in organic solvents than in water?

A L Klibanov (1997)

In order to exploit fully the biotechnological opportunities afforded by nonaqueous enzymology, the issue of often drastically diminished enzymatic activity in organic solvents compared with that in water must be addressed and resolved. Recent studies have made great strides towards elucidating causes of this phenomenon of activity loss. None of these causes is insurmountable; by designing strategies that systematically target them, enzymatic activity in organic solvents can be readily enhanced by multiple orders of magnitude and ultimately brought to the aqueous-like level.

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PubMed ID:: 11196651

DOI:: 10.1038/35051706

ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

Keywords: Carbon,chemistry,metabolism,Catalysis,Chemical Industry,Coenzymes,Endopeptidases,Enzymes,Forecasting,Glycoside Hydrolases,Hydrolysis

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

Keywords: Carbon, chemistry, metabolism, Catalysis, Chemical Industry, Coenzymes, Endopeptidases, Enzymes, Forecasting, Glycoside Hydrolases, Hydrolysis

Enzymes for chemical synthesis.

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Abstract

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Synthesis of 2-trifluoromethylated piperidines and azepanes

Most cited references 64

The catalytic pathway of cytochrome p450cam at atomic resolution.

Lipases: Interfacial Enzymes with Attractive Applications

Why are enzymes less active in organic solvents than in water?

Author and article information

Journal

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