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      Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy Position Statement on Telepharmacy: Recommendations for its implementation and development Translated title: Posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria sobre Telefarmacia. Recomendaciones para su implantación y desarrollo

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          Abstract

          Abstract The use of information and communication technologies have nowadays become part and parcel of hospital pharmacy practice. Against this background, it is hardly surprising that Telepharmacy has sparked the interest of a large number of stakeholders. In this respect, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy has developed a definition of the concept and outlined the conditions under which Telepharmacy should operate. It has also shared its institutional stance on the subject through a position statement that states that Telepharmacy is the provision of pharmaceutical care at a distance through information and communication technologies. Telepharmacy practice includes activities such as therapeutic validation, drafting of clinical documents, provision of pharmaceutical care, therapeutic follow-up, adherence monitoring, drug education and information, coordination between healthcare providers and evaluation of health outcomes. The clinical tasks performed as part of Telepharmacy practice must adhere to a standardized procedure and revolve around the patient's clinical record. Access to Telepharmacy must be provided without discrimination. The service comprises four main activities: pharmacotherapeutic follow-up; patient and caregiver-directed education and information-dissemination; coordination with healthcare providers from the same or different hospitals; and remote informed home drug delivery. Implementation of Telepharmacy requires an adjustment of human (training and capacity-building) and technological resources (validation, interoperability, confidentiality). It must also comply with the laws and regulations in force both at a regional and a national level. Telepharmacy procedures must also be adapted to the relevant ethical standards and codes of good practice. Appropriate indicators must be used to evaluate the performance of Telepharmacy and its impact on health outcomes. According to Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy Telepharmacy is a necessary complementary tool to provide specialized pharmaceutical care and thereby improve health outcomes and maximize patient safety and satisfaction.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen En la práctica asistencial de los farmacéuticos de hospital resulta imprescindible la utilización de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en el ámbito de la Telefarmacia. Por lo tanto, la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria considera oportuno definir el término y condiciones de Telefarmacia y comunicar su posicionamiento institucional a través de este documento de posicionamiento: “La Telefarmacia es la práctica farmacéutica a distancia a través del uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación”. La Telefarmacia incluye como principales actividades: validación terapéutica, documentación clínica, consulta de atención farmacéutica, monitorización terapéutica, seguimiento de la adherencia, formación/ información sobre medicamentos, coordinación con profesionales sanitarios y evaluación de resultados en salud. Los procedimientos asistenciales en el ámbito de la Telefarmacia deben regirse por un Procedimiento Normalizado de Trabajo, con documentación en la historia clínica y sin discriminación de acceso a pacientes candidatos. Se consideran cuatro procedimientos principales de Telefarmacia: seguimiento farmacoterapéutico; información y/o formación a pacientes y cuidadores; coordinación con el equipo multidisciplinar a nivel intra y extrahospitalario; dispensación y entrega informada de medicamentos a distancia. La implantación de la Telefarmacia requiere adecuación de medios humanos (formación, capacitación) y tecnológicos (validación, interoperatividad, confidencialidad). Asimismo, debe dar cumplimiento a la legalidad y normativa vigente, tanto a nivel autonómico como estatal. Los procedimientos de Telefarmacia deben también ajustarse a las consideraciones éticas y los códigos deontológicos pertinentes. Debe fomentarse la evaluación de la Telefarmacia a través del uso de indicadores y de la investigación de su repercusión sobre los resultados en salud. Por tanto, la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria considera que la Telefarmacia es una herramienta complementaria y necesaria para la provisión de una Atención Farmacéutica Especializada con el objetivo final de mejorar los resultados en salud y maximizar la seguridad y satisfacción de los pacientes.

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          Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)

          In recent years, there has been an increased focus on placing patients at the center of health care research and evaluating clinical care in order to improve their experience and ensure that research is both robust and of maximum value for the use of medicinal products, therapy, or health services. This paper provides an overview of patients’ involvement in clinical research and service evaluation along with its benefits and limitations. We describe and discuss patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including the trends in current research. Both the patient-reported experiences measures (PREMs) and patient and public involvement (PPI) initiative for including patients in the research processes are also outlined. PROs provide reports from patients about their own health, quality of life, or functional status associated with the health care or treatment they have received. PROMs are tools and/or instruments used to report PROs. Patient report experiences through the use of PREMs, such as satisfaction scales, providing insight into the patients’ experience with their care or a health service. There is increasing international attention regarding the use of PREMS as a quality indicator of patient care and safety. This reflects the ongoing health service commitment of involving patients and the public within the wider context of the development and evaluation of health care service delivery and quality improvement.
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            Ley41/2002, de 14denoviembre, básica reguladora de la autonomía del paciente y de derechos y obligaciones en materia de información y documentación clínica

            (2002)
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              Telepharmacy: a pharmacist’s perspective on the clinical benefits and challenges

              The use of information and telecommunication technologies has expanded at a rapid rate, which has a strong influence on healthcare delivery in many countries. Rural residents and communities, however, often lack easy access to healthcare services due to geographical and demographical factors. Telepharmacy, a more recent concept that refers to pharmaceutical service provision, enables healthcare services, such as medication review, patients counseling, and prescription verification, by a qualified pharmacist for the patients located at a distance from a remotely located hospital, pharmacy, or healthcare center. Telepharmacy has many recognizable benefits such as the easy access to healthcare services in remote and rural locations, economic benefits, patient satisfaction as a result of medication access and information in rural areas, effective patient counseling, and minimal scarcity of local pharmacist and pharmacy services. Telepharmacy undoubtedly is a great concept, but it is sometimes challenging to put into practice. Inherent to the adoption of these practices are legal challenges and pitfalls that need to be addressed. The start-up of telepharmacy (hardware, software, connectivity, and operational cost) involves considerable time, effort, and money. For rural hospitals with fewer patients, the issue of costs appears to be one of the biggest barriers to telepharmacy services. Moreover, execution and implementation of comprehensive and uniform telepharmacy law is still a challenge. A well-developed system, however, can change the practice of pharmacy that is beneficial to both the rural communities and the hospitals or retail pharmacies that deliver these services.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fh
                Farmacia Hospitalaria
                Farm Hosp.
                Grupo Aula Médica (Toledo, Toledo, Spain )
                1130-6343
                2171-8695
                August 2020
                : 44
                : 4
                : 174-181
                Affiliations
                [6] Cuenca orgnameHospital Virgen de la Luz orgdiv1Department of Pharmacy Spain
                [9] Getafe Madrid orgnameGetafe University Hospital orgdiv1Department of Pharmacy Spain
                [3] A Coruña Galicia orgnameUniversidade da Coruña orgdiv1Department of Pharmacy Spain
                [5] Madrid orgnameLa Princesa University Hospital orgdiv1Department of Pharmacy Spain
                [8] orgnameSpanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy orgdiv1Legal Department Spain
                [10] orgnameSpanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy Spain
                [11] Palma de Majorca orgnameSon Espases University Hospital orgdiv1Department of Pharmacy Spain
                [1] Seville orgnameVirgen de Valme University Hospital orgdiv1Department of Pharmacy Spain
                [2] orgnameSpanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy orgdiv1MAPEX Project Working Group: Strategic Telepharmacy Framework Spain
                [12] orgnameSpanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy Spain
                [4] Valencia orgnameLa Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital orgdiv1Department of Pharmacy Spain
                [7] orgnameSpanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy orgdiv1Ethos Working Group Spain
                Article
                S1130-63432020000400009 S1130-6343(20)04400400009
                10.7399/fh.11515
                32646349
                6168be6e-e783-411c-9872-06f8af93bfa8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 May 2020
                : 06 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Consensus Documents

                Atención farmacéutica,Telefarmacia,Access to healthcare,Patient-centered care,Clinical pharmacist,Health information technologies,Hospital pharmacy service,Pharmaceutical care,Telemedicine,Telepharmacy,Acceso a la atención sanitaria,Atención centrada en el paciente,Farmacéutico clínico,Tecnologías de la información en salud,Servicio de farmacia hospitalaria,Telemedicina

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