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      Teaching of bioethics in dental graduate programs in Brazil Translated title: Ensino de bioética em programas de pós-graduação em Odontologia no Brasil

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          Abstract

          In the field of human research, researchers are faced with unexpected moral dilemmas, as a result of the development of technologies applied to health. Due to the great importance of this issue, our objective was to evaluate bioethics instruction in the education of researchers in Brazilian graduate programs in dentistry. Eighty-seven graduate programs in dentistry, recognized by CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) were evaluated in this study. Data were extracted independently by two researchers from the CAPES website, and from the websites of the graduate programs, directly or via links to the programs available at the CAPES website. Forty-eight out of 87 programs had an ethics/bioethics course as part of their curricula. Of the graduation programs graded 5, 6 or 7 by CAPES, 38% included bioethics courses, while 62% of the programs graded 3 or 4 by CAPES had bioethics courses as part of their curricula. These findings are an alert to those involved in dental research education, as they showed that, although resolution 196/96 by the National Council of Health regulating human research in Brazil was published ten years ago, bioethics instruction in Brazilian graduate programs in dentistry is still at an incipient stage. This situation indicates a need for ethics pedagogy in the education of young researchers.

          Translated abstract

          O desenvolvimento de tecnologias aplicadas à saúde traz dilemas morais inesperados aos profissionais de pesquisa, em relação às práticas que envolvem seres humanos. Devido à relevância deste assunto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o ensino de bioética na educação de estudantes de programas de pós-graduação em Odontologia do Brasil. Oitenta e sete programas de pós-graduação em Odontologia, avaliados pela CAPES (2001-2003), foram estudados. Os dados foram extraídos, de maneira independente, por 2 avaliadores, por meio de consulta ao sítio da CAPES e aos sítios eletrônicos dos programas, diretamente ou via links dos programas disponíveis no sítio da CAPES. Dos 87 programas, 48 apresentaram disciplina de Ética/Bioética. Trinta e oito porcento dos programas com conceitos 5, 6 e 7 da CAPES mantêm disciplinas de Bioética, enquanto 62% dos programas com conceitos 3 e 4 apresentaram conteúdos de Bioética. Desta forma, os resultados deste estudo representam um alerta para os educadores envolvidos em ensino da pesquisa odontológica. Estes resultados também mostraram que a instrução em bioética ainda é incipiente nos programas de pós-graduação em Odontologia no Brasil, ainda que a resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde tenha sido publicada há dez anos. Por este motivo, seria necessário assegurar uma pedagogia ética na formação do jovem pesquisador.

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          Most cited references10

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          Bioethics: Bridge to the Future

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            The impact of three years' ethics teaching, in an integrated medical curriculum, on students' proposed behaviour on meeting ethical dilemmas.

            To evaluate the impact of 3 years' ethics teaching (30 hours mainly small group teaching in year 1, 14 hours mainly lecture-type teaching in years 2 and 3) on students' proposed behaviour on encountering ethical dilemmas. Cohort design. University of Glasgow Medical School. A cohort of 111 students entering Glasgow University's new learner-centred, integrated medical curriculum; where ethics learning is formally assessed in years 1 and 5 only; in October 1996. Student answers consistent with consensus professional judgement on the ethical dilemmas posed by the vignettes of the Ethics and Health Care Survey Instrument. The instrument was completed pre- and post- year 1 and post- year 3 by 77%(85) of the cohort. There is a significant increase in the number of consensus answers given following the first year of the curriculum, but no further improvement was found. The odds ratio for giving the consensus answer post- year 1 relative to pre- year 1 was 1.42, 95% Confidence Interval (1.19, 1.71), P = 0.0001. Comparing post- year 3 to pre- year 1, odds ratio 1.30 (1.08, 1.57), P = 0.0062. Post- year 3 compared to post- year 1, odds ratio 0.91 (0.76, 1.10), P = 0.34. While small group ethics teaching can be effective in developing students' normative identification with the profession of medicine, its effectiveness is dependent on the amount of small group teaching provided. The lack of formal assessment in years 2 and 3 is also felt to contribute to the lack of impact. This information will inform future curriculum development.
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              A formação ética dos médicos: saindo da adolescência com a vida (dos outros) na mão

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bor
                Brazilian Oral Research
                Braz. oral res.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica - SBPqO (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1806-8324
                1807-3107
                December 2006
                : 20
                : 4
                : 285-289
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameState University of Campinas orgdiv1School of Dentistry of Piracicaba
                [01] orgnamePontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul
                [03] orgnameState University of Campinas orgdiv1Institute of Biology
                Article
                S1806-83242006000400001 S1806-8324(06)02000401
                10.1590/S1806-83242006000400001
                61939afc-c9de-48d5-baaf-3f698d3ab4de

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 April 2006
                : 31 July 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Bioethics

                Bioética,Dentistry,Teaching,Bioethics,Ensino,Odontologia
                Bioética, Dentistry, Teaching, Bioethics, Ensino, Odontologia

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